Interdisciplinary Research to Advance Digital Imagery and Natural Compounds for Eco-Cleaning and for Preserving Textile Cultural Heritage
Dorina Camelia Ilies,
Zlatin Zlatev,
Alexandru Ilies,
Berdenov Zharas,
Emilia Pantea,
Nicolaie Hodor,
Liliana Indrie,
Alexandru Turza,
Hamid R. Taghiyari,
Tudor Caciora,
Monica Costea,
Bahodiron Safarov,
Barbu-Tudoran Lucian
Affiliations
Dorina Camelia Ilies
Department of Geography, Tourism and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Geography, Tourism and Sport, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
Zlatin Zlatev
Faculty of Technics and Technologies, Trakia University, Bulgaria, 38 Graf Ignatiev Street, 8602 Yambol, Bulgaria
Alexandru Ilies
Department of Geography, Tourism and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Geography, Tourism and Sport, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
Berdenov Zharas
Department of Physical and Economic Geography, Faculty of Science, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, 2 Satpayev Street, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan
Emilia Pantea
Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, Magheru Street 26, 410087 Oradea, Romania
Nicolaie Hodor
Faculty of Geography, Babes-Bolyai University, 5-6 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Liliana Indrie
Department of Textile, Leather and Industrial Management, Faculty of Energy Engineering and Industrial Management, University of Oradea, B. St. Delavrancea Str. No. 4, 410058 Oradea, Romania
Alexandru Turza
National Institute for R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Hamid R. Taghiyari
Faculty of Materials Engineering & New Technologies, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran 16788-15811, Iran
Tudor Caciora
Department of Geography, Tourism and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Geography, Tourism and Sport, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
Monica Costea
Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, Magheru Street 26, 410087 Oradea, Romania
Bahodiron Safarov
Department of Digital Economy, Samarkand State University, Samarkand 140104, Uzbekistan
Barbu-Tudoran Lucian
National Institute for R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
The old fibers that make up heritage textiles displayed in museums are degraded by the aging process, environmental conditions (microclimates, particulate matter, pollutants, sunlight) and the action of microorganisms. In order to counteract these processes and keep the textile exhibits in good condition for as long as possible, both reactive and preventive interventions on them are necessary. Based on these ideas, the present study aims to test a natural and non-invasive method of cleaning historic textiles, which includes the use of a natural substance with a known antifungal effect (being traditionally used in various rural communities)—lye. The design of the study was aimed at examining a traditional women’s shirt that is aged between 80–100 years, using artificial intelligence techniques for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) imagery analysis and X-ray powder diffraction technique in order to achieve a complex and accurate investigation and monitoring of the object’s realities. The determinations were performed both before and after washing the material with lye. SEM microscopy investigations of the ecologically washed textile specimens showed that the number of microorganism colonies, as well as the amount of dust, decreased. It was also observed that the surface cellulose fibers lost their integrity, eventually being loosened on cellulose fibers of cotton threads. This could better visualize the presence of microfibrils that connect the cellulose fibers in cotton textiles. The results obtained could be of real value both for the restorers, the textile collections of the different museums, and for the researchers in the field of cultural heritage. By applying such a methodology, cotton tests can be effectively cleaned without compromising the integrity of the material.
