Hypoglycemic Drugs in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure: A Narrative Review
Anastasia Nikolaidou,
Ioannis Ventoulis,
Georgios Karakoulidis,
Vasileios Anastasiou,
Stylianos Daios,
Spyridon-Filippos Papadopoulos,
Matthaios Didagelos,
John Parissis,
Theodoros Karamitsos,
Kalliopi Kotsa,
Antonios Ziakas,
Vasileios Kamperidis
Affiliations
Anastasia Nikolaidou
1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Ioannis Ventoulis
Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Western Macedonia, Keptse Area, 50200 Ptolemaida, Greece
Georgios Karakoulidis
1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Vasileios Anastasiou
1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Stylianos Daios
1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Spyridon-Filippos Papadopoulos
1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Matthaios Didagelos
1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
John Parissis
Emergency Medicine Department, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Chaidari, 10679 Athens, Greece
Theodoros Karamitsos
1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Kalliopi Kotsa
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
Antonios Ziakas
1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Vasileios Kamperidis
1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Over the last few years, given the increase in the incidence and prevalence of both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and heart failure (HF), it became crucial to develop guidelines for the optimal preventive and treatment strategies for individuals facing these coexisting conditions. In patients aged over 65, HF hospitalization stands out as the predominant reason for hospital admissions, with their prognosis being associated with the presence or absence of T2DM. Historically, certain classes of glucose-lowering drugs, such as thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone), raised concerns due to an observed increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and cardiovascular (CV)-related mortality. In response to these concerns, regulatory agencies started requiring CV outcome trials for all novel antidiabetic agents [i.e., dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitors), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is)] with the aim to assess the CV safety of these drugs beyond glycemic control. This narrative review aims to address the current knowledge about the impact of glucose-lowering agents used in T2DM on HF prevention, prognosis, and outcome.
