Heliyon (Nov 2024)
The advantages of artificial intelligence-assisted total hip arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial followed by 12 months
Abstract
Objection: The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence has brought significant breakthroughs to various medical disciplines，This study aimed to compare perioperative factors and postoperative hip function recovery in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA)by evaluating the use of an artificial intelligence (AI) preoperative planning system versus traditional two-dimensional X-ray planning. Patients and methods: A total of 45 eligible patients underwent primary THA at Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, between July 2022 and August 2022. The patients were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 19) or the control group (n = 26). The experimental group utilized AI planning, while the control group employed traditional two-dimensional X-ray planning. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the accuracy of prosthesis prediction, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, frequency of intraoperative model testing, length of hospital stay, postoperative imaging data, and postoperative hip function scores. These comparisons were made to assess the effects of different preoperative planning methods on perioperative and postoperative hip function recovery. Results: The accuracy of preoperative planning for the acetabular and femoral sides in AI-assisted total hip arthroplasty was 84.2 % and 89.5 %, respectively, which was significantly better than that of the traditional two-dimensional X-ray planning group (P < 0.05). The operation time for AI-assisted total hip arthroplasty was 104.32 ± 18.10 min, which was shorter than that of the traditional two-dimensional X-ray planning group (P < 0.05). At 3 months post-operation, the grade of Harris score for hip function in the AI planning group was significantly better than that in the traditional two-dimensional X-ray planning group (P < 0.05). The average postoperative Harris score of the artificial intelligence group was higher than that of the traditional two-dimensional X-ray planning (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Artificial intelligence-assisted total hip arthroplasty demonstrated superior accuracy in prosthesis prediction, shorter operation time, higher average Harris score at postoperative follow-up, and better hip function recovery at 3 months compared to traditional two-dimensional X-ray planning. Level of evidence: III, case-control study.
