EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPTS OF “CITIZENSHIP” AND “CIVIL RESPONSIBILITY” IN THE HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT WORLD AND THE MIDDLE AGES

Abstract

The paper considers the problem of the formation of the concepts of “citizenship” and “civil responsibility” as one of the factors in the formation of statehood. One of the priorities of a democratic society is the identification of a person in society, understanding of personal significance, responsibility for their actions. In the context of the study of civic responsibility, the works of specialists in various fields are considered: philosophers, lawyers, historians, sociologists. But the content of the terms “citizenship” and “civil responsibility” in different historical periods and in different regions still requires specification. The formation of citizenship is inextricably linked with the formation of the first slave states and the patriarchal system. The idea of civic responsibility education is also raised in sacred religious books. Granting the status of a citizen during the Middle Ages indicated the special status of a person, his belonging to a particular state, city, social layer. The emergence of Magdeburg Law in Europe had a significant impact on the formation of civil society. Residents of the cities contributed to the formation of the community as a territorial-administrative unit. It was citizenship that guaranteed the observance of human and civil rights and freedoms, and the protection of personal interests. Philosophers and scientists of the Enlightenment era devoted their works to predetermining the role of citizenship and the formation of civic responsibility. Having traced the evolution of the views of world theorists, we can talk about the advisability of introducing a cross-cutting line “the formation of civic responsibility” in the modern educational space of Ukraine

Keywords

• citizenship
• civic responsibility
• educati