Emergence of invasive meningococcal disease during Hajj pilgrimage – vigilance and preparedness, in the post-pandemic year

• Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq,
• Shui-Shan Lee,
• Ziad A. Memish

Affiliations

Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq

Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Corresponding author.

Shui-Shan Lee

International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, USA; S.H. Ho Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong

Ziad A. Memish

King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health & College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea