Antibacterial applications of biologically synthesized Pichia pastoris silver nanoparticles
Pragati Rajendra More,
Surbhi Shinde,
Zhejiang Cao,
Jian Zhang,
Santosh Pandit,
Anna De Filippis,
Ivan Mijakovic,
Massimiliano Galdiero
Affiliations
Pragati Rajendra More
Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli, ” Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy; Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Bio Sustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
Surbhi Shinde
Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli, ” Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
Zhejiang Cao
Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
Jian Zhang
Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
Santosh Pandit
Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
Anna De Filippis
Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli, ” Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
Ivan Mijakovic
Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli, ” Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy; Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Bio Sustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; Corresponding author. Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli,” Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
Massimiliano Galdiero
Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli, ” Via De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy; Corresponding author.
Objectives: This article highlights the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with their characteristic analysis, and it focuses on the application of synthesized NPs against multidrug resistance (MDR) bacteria. A cytotoxicity study was performed to assess the biocompatibility. Methods: Silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) formation was confirmed by different characterization methods such as UV–Vis spectrophotometer, Dynamic light scattering (DLS)- Zeta, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). The antimicrobial activity of the AgNPs was checked against various bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), and Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia) by disc diffusion, minimum inhibition concentration test (MIC), and kinetic studies. The cytotoxicity of NPs against the Vero cell line was studied by cytotoxic assay. Results: The primary analysis of the formation of nanoparticles (NPs) was made by UV–Vis spectrophotometric analysis at 400 nm. At the same time, the efficient capping checked by FTIR shows the presence of a functional group at different wavelengths 3284, 1641,1573,1388,1288, and 1068 cm−1. At the same time, the transmission electron microscopic analysis (TEM) and DLS show that the shape and size of the synthesized NPs possess an average size of around ∼10–30 nm with spherical morphology. Further, the zeta potential confirmed the stability of the NPs. While the yield of NPs formation from silver salt was determined by an online yield calculator with the EDX analysis results. Synthesized NPs showed bactericidal effects against all the selected MDR pathogens with nontoxic effects against mammalian cells. Conclusion: Our findings indicate the remarkable antimicrobial activity of the biologically synthesized AgNPs, which can be an antimicrobial agent against multi-drug-resistant bacteria.
