Lattice Thermal Conductivity in XMg₂Sb₂(X = Ca or Mg) Compounds: Temperature and High-Order Anharmonicity Effect

Abstract

The binary compound Mg3Sb2 (also written as MgMg2Sb2) exhibits a much lower lattice thermal conductivity (κL) than its ternary analog CaMg2Sb2, despite its relatively low mass density and simple crystalline structure. Here, we perform a comparative first-principles study of the lattice dynamics in MgMg2Sb2 and CaMg2Sb2 based on the density functional theory, together with the self-consistent phonon theory and the Boltzmann transport theory. We show that the modest anharmonicity of CaMg2Sb2 renders the three-phonon processes dominant, and the temperature dependence of κL approximately follows the T−1 relationship. In contrast, the strong quartic anharmonicity of MgMg2Sb2 leads to the ultralow κL and weak temperature dependence, in agreement with the experimental observations. A comprehensive analysis reveals that the κLs in the two compounds are mainly carried by the acoustic phonons associated with the Sb atoms, and the different behaviors of κL result from the chemical bond changes around Sb atoms, which bond more covalently with the Mg atoms than the Ca atoms and thus lead to high-order anharmonicity in MgMg2Sb2. These results give us insights into the understanding of the anomalous thermal transport in thermoelectric materials.

Keywords

• lattice thermal conductivity
• DFT
• thermoelectric materials