Optimization of the parameters of the pneumatic feed mechanism for precise clustered sowing

Abstract

The article is devoted to the description of one of the ways to improve the mechanization of sowing, namely, precise sowing in a clustered way. It is analyzed that precise sowing provides a given placement of plants over the area and makes it possible increase productivity, to reduce labor costs for thinning plants, seed consumption and operating costs of the aggregates. Data are presented on the mechanization of sowing row crops in Uzbekistan, on the main advantages and disadvantages of the applied mechanical and pneumatic planters. It is noted that industrial pneumatic feed mechanisms do not meet the increased quality requirements for clustered sowing of cotton seeds in Uzbekistan and are one of the factors limiting the widespread introduction of intensive technology. An analysis is given of the need to develop a pneumatic feed mechanism for precise sowing of row crops in a clustered way for the soil and climatic conditions of Uzbekistan and the justification of its parameters. The data on the study of the technological process of sowing and the refinement of the parameters obtained in analytical calculations are presented. According to the results of experimental studies and tests, the correctness of the theoretical premises and the performance of the experimental feed mechanism were checked. The optimization of the main parameters and operating mode of the feed mechanism for precise sowing in a clustered way has been carried out. The data obtained in the experiments were processed using the PLANEXР program developed for the Personal Computer and regression equations were obtained that adequately describe the evaluation criteria. Therefore, to ensure maximum accuracy of sowing cotton seeds and perform the required quality of work at aggregate operating speeds of 1.66-2.24 m / s, the number of revolutions of the sowing disc should be 23.87-27.62 rpm, and the installation height of the feed mechanism should be within 9.02-9.24 cm. With these values of the factors, criterion Y1, i.e. the number of seeds in the cluster is 3.03-3.28 pieces, criterion Y2, i.e. the distance between the clusters is 14.00-15.57 cm, and criterion Y3, i.e., the length of the clusters is in the range of 0.95-1.12 cm, which meets the agro technical requirements.