Gaceta Sanitaria (Oct 2011)
Evolución temporal en el conocimiento y el posicionamiento de los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas respecto al testamento vital Temporal trend in understanding of and attitudes to advance directives in patients with chronic diseases
Abstract
Objetivos: Describir el grado de conocimiento evolutivo de su enfermedad, del testamento vital y su predisposición a redactarlo en los pacientes afectos de enfermedades crónicas atendidos en urgencias. Métodos: Estudio comparativo, transversal, sin intervención, con inclusión prospectiva y consecutiva de pacientes en un semestre de 2003 y 2008. Se consignaron características clínicas y demográficas, y se realizó una entrevista-encuesta oral y anónima sobre aspectos de conocimiento y opinión de su enfermedad y del testamento vital. Como variables dependientes se consideraron el conocimiento del testamento vital y la predisposición a otorgarlo, analizando sus factores asociados. Resultados: Se incluyeron 381 personas (191 en 2003 y 190 en 2008), con características similares en ambos periodos. En 2008 había un mejor conocimiento de la enfermedad (74% frente a 55%, pObjective: To describe patients' degree of knowledge about their diseases and advance directives, as well as their willingness to write these documents, among patients with chronic diseases seen in the emergency department. Methods: We performed a prospective, comparative, cross-sectional study, without intervention and with consecutive patient inclusion in two periods (2003 and 2008). Demographic and clinical data were recorded. An anonymous interview about patients' knowledge and opinions about their illness and their awareness of advance directives was performed. Previous awareness of advance directives and the predisposition to write these documents were taken as dependent variables, and factors associated with these variables were analyzed. Results: In both periods, 381 patients with similar characteristics were included (191 in 2003 and 190 in 2008). Patients showed greater knowledge of their disease (74% vs 55%, p<0,001), a greater predisposition to take part in medical decisions (62% vs 42%, p<0,001), and higher participation in such decisions (48% vs 35%, p=0.01) in 2008 than in 2003. However, awareness of advance directives was slightly lower (18% vs 23%, p=NS), and willingness to write these documents was unchanged (50% vs 50%, p=NS). Awareness of advance directives was associated with age less than 75 years and having completed secondary school. The predisposition to write advance directives was associated with previous awareness of these documents, considering oneself to be well informed, and wanting greater participation in medical decisions. Conclusions: Patients with chronic diseases showed greater understanding of their disease in the second period but awareness of advance directives and willingness to write these documents remained low. Information on these issues should be improved as an essential part of the physician-patient relationship.
