Simplified cough test can predict the risk for pneumonia in patients with acute stroke.

Abstract

We investigated the association between the results of a simplified cough test and pneumonia onset in 226 patients with acute stroke admitted to Suiseikai Kajikawa Hospital from April to December, 2018. For the simplified cough test, performed on admission, patients orally inhaled a mist of 1% citric acid-physiological saline using a portable mesh nebulizer. When the first cough was evoked or if it remained absent for 30 seconds (indicating an abnormal result), the test was ended. Patients also completed the repetitive saliva swallowing test (RSST) and modified water swallowing test. We monitored patients for pneumonia signs for 30 days post-admission. Eighteen patients exhibited an abnormal simplified cough test result. On multivariate analysis, an abnormal RSST result was independently associated with an abnormal simplified cough test result. Seventeen patients developed pneumonia. The adjusted Cox proportional hazard model for pneumonia onset revealed that the simplified cough test had predictive power for pneumonia onset (hazard ratio, 10.52; 95% confidence interval, 3.72-29.72). The simplified cough test is a strong indicator for predicting the pneumonia development in patients with acute stroke; it should be added to existing bedside screening tests for predicting pneumonia risk, allowing appropriate and timely intervention.