Limnology and Oceanography Letters (Aug 2024)
Global subterranean estuaries modify groundwater nutrient loading to the ocean
- Stephanie J. Wilson,
- Amy Moody,
- Tristan McKenzie,
- M. Bayani Cardenas,
- Elco Luijendijk,
- Audrey H. Sawyer,
- Alicia Wilson,
- Holly A. Michael,
- Bochao Xu,
- Karen L. Knee,
- Hyung‐Mi Cho,
- Yishai Weinstein,
- Adina Paytan,
- Nils Moosdorf,
- Chen‐Tung Aurthur Chen,
- Melanie Beck,
- Cody Lopez,
- Dorina Murgulet,
- Guebuem Kim,
- Mathew A. Charette,
- Hannelore Waska,
- J. Severino P. Ibánhez,
- Gwénaëlle Chaillou,
- Till Oehler,
- Shin‐ichi Onodera,
- Mitsuyo Saito,
- Valenti Rodellas,
- Natasha Dimova,
- Daniel Montiel,
- Henrietta Dulai,
- Christina Richardson,
- Jinzhou Du,
- Eric Petermann,
- Xiaogang Chen,
- Kay L. Davis,
- Sebastien Lamontagne,
- Ryo Sugimoto,
- Guizhi Wang,
- Hailong Li,
- Américo I. Torres,
- Cansu Demir,
- Emily Bristol,
- Craig T. Connolly,
- James W. McClelland,
- Brenno J. Silva,
- Douglas Tait,
- BSK Kumar,
- R. Viswanadham,
- VVSS Sarma,
- Emmanoel Silva‐Filho,
- Alan Shiller,
- Alanna Lecher,
- Joseph Tamborski,
- Henry Bokuniewicz,
- Carlos Rocha,
- Anja Reckhardt,
- Michael Ernst Böttcher,
- Shan Jiang,
- Thomas Stieglitz,
- Houégnon Géraud Vinel Gbewezoun,
- Céline Charbonnier,
- Pierre Anschutz,
- Laura M. Hernández‐Terrones,
- Suresh Babu,
- Beata Szymczycha,
- Mahmood Sadat‐Noori,
- Felipe Niencheski,
- Kimberly Null,
- Craig Tobias,
- Bongkeun Song,
- Iris C. Anderson,
- Isaac R. Santos
Affiliations
- Stephanie J. Wilson
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater Maryland USA
- Amy Moody
- Enivronmental Protection Agency, Gulf of Mexico Division Washington DC USA
- Tristan McKenzie
- University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- M. Bayani Cardenas
- University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
- Elco Luijendijk
- University of Bergen Bergen Norway
- Audrey H. Sawyer
- Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
- Alicia Wilson
- University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA
- Holly A. Michael
- University of Delaware Newark Delaware USA
- Bochao Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao China
- Karen L. Knee
- American University Washington DC USA
- Hyung‐Mi Cho
- Inha University Incheon Korea
- Yishai Weinstein
- Bar‐Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
- Adina Paytan
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of California at Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California USA
- Nils Moosdorf
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT) Bremen Germany
- Chen‐Tung Aurthur Chen
- National Sun Yat‐sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Melanie Beck
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Germany
- Cody Lopez
- Center for Water Supply Studies Texas A&M University—Corpus Christi Corpus Christi Texas USA
- Dorina Murgulet
- Center for Water Supply Studies Texas A&M University—Corpus Christi Corpus Christi Texas USA
- Guebuem Kim
- Seoul National University Seoul Korea
- Mathew A. Charette
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Woods Hole Massachusetts USA
- Hannelore Waska
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Germany
- J. Severino P. Ibánhez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (IIM‐CSIC) Vigo Spain
- Gwénaëlle Chaillou
- University of Quebec at Rimouski Rimouski Quebec Canada
- Till Oehler
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research Bremen Germany
- Shin‐ichi Onodera
- Hiroshima University Higashihiroshima Japan
- Mitsuyo Saito
- Hiroshima University Higashihiroshima Japan
- Valenti Rodellas
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Spain
- Natasha Dimova
- University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama USA
- Daniel Montiel
- University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama USA
- Henrietta Dulai
- University of Hawaii Honolulu Hawaii USA
- Christina Richardson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of California at Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California USA
- Jinzhou Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal University Shanghai China
- Eric Petermann
- Federal Office For Radiation Protection Berlin Germany
- Xiaogang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou China
- Kay L. Davis
- Australian Institute of Marine Science Perth Western Australia Australia
- Sebastien Lamontagne
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Ryo Sugimoto
- Fukui Prefectural University Eiheiji Japan
- Guizhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen China
- Hailong Li
- Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzen China
- Américo I. Torres
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos CCT‐CONICET CENPAT Chubut Argentina
- Cansu Demir
- University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
- Emily Bristol
- University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
- Craig T. Connolly
- University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
- James W. McClelland
- University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
- Brenno J. Silva
- Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil
- Douglas Tait
- Southern Cross University Lismore New South Wales Australia
- BSK Kumar
- National Institute of Oceanography, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Visakhapatnam India
- R. Viswanadham
- National Institute of Oceanography, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Visakhapatnam India
- VVSS Sarma
- National Institute of Oceanography, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Visakhapatnam India
- Emmanoel Silva‐Filho
- Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói Brazil
- Alan Shiller
- University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
- Alanna Lecher
- Lynn University Boca Raton Florida USA
- Joseph Tamborski
- Old Dominion University Norfolk Virginia USA
- Henry Bokuniewicz
- Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York USA
- Carlos Rocha
- Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Anja Reckhardt
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Germany
- Michael Ernst Böttcher
- Old Dominion University Norfolk Virginia USA
- Shan Jiang
- Federal Office For Radiation Protection Berlin Germany
- Thomas Stieglitz
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, CEREGE UM 34, France National Centre for Earth Science Studies Aix en Provence France
- Houégnon Géraud Vinel Gbewezoun
- Laboratoire d'Hydrologie Appliquée, Institut National de l'Eau Université d'Abomey‐Calavi Abomey‐Calavi Benin
- Céline Charbonnier
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC Arcachon France
- Pierre Anschutz
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC Arcachon France
- Laura M. Hernández‐Terrones
- Universidad del Caribe Cancún Mexico
- Suresh Babu
- National Centre for Earth Science Studies Ministry of Earth Sciences Thiruvananthapuram India
- Beata Szymczycha
- Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences Sopot Poland
- Mahmood Sadat‐Noori
- University of New South Wales Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Felipe Niencheski
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Rio Grande Brazil
- Kimberly Null
- Moss Landing Marine Labs Moss Landing California USA
- Craig Tobias
- University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
- Bongkeun Song
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science Gloucester Point Virginia USA
- Iris C. Anderson
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science Gloucester Point Virginia USA
- Isaac R. Santos
- University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10390
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 9,
no. 4
pp. 411 – 422
Abstract
Abstract Terrestrial groundwater travels through subterranean estuaries before reaching the sea. Groundwater‐derived nutrients drive coastal water quality, primary production, and eutrophication. We determined how dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) are transformed within subterranean estuaries and estimated submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) nutrient loads compiling > 10,000 groundwater samples from 216 sites worldwide. Nutrients exhibited complex, nonconservative behavior in subterranean estuaries. Fresh groundwater DIN and DIP are usually produced, and DON is consumed during transport. Median total SGD (saline and fresh) fluxes globally were 5.4, 2.6, and 0.18 Tmol yr−1 for DIN, DON, and DIP, respectively. Despite large natural variability, total SGD fluxes likely exceed global riverine nutrient export. Fresh SGD is a small source of new nutrients, but saline SGD is an important source of mostly recycled nutrients. Nutrients exported via SGD via subterranean estuaries are critical to coastal biogeochemistry and a significant nutrient source to the oceans.
