Properties of wool fiber, and environmental problems and solutions of its finishing

Abstract

Making wool and wool products is a very complicated process. "Hisori" sheep wool belongs to the group of coarse fibers, it is mostly brown in color, and contains a large amount of waste materials. The rational technologies of washing, discoloration-bleaching and dyeing processes for the production of clothing products from coarse wool fiber in the textile industry have not been sufficiently resolved. In this scientific work, an effective technology for washing coarse wool fiber and decolorizing it, are proposed. In this case, the quality of brown wool bleaching process was evaluated by yellowness index and whiteness level. After a two-stage decolorization-bleaching process, the whiteness level increased from 45% to 74%. The possibility of using a natural dye – Carmine for dyeing bleached wool has been studied. By researching the technological factors of the process of dyeing wool with carmine, it was shown the possibility of creating strong and bright colors with the help of mordant salts. Reducing agents were used to solve the problem of ensuring the reversibility of the colors produced by the bleaching agents according to their nature and the initial color of the wool, and sodium hydrosulfite was used as a reducing agent.