Frontiers in Marine Science (Jun 2014)
Protective effect of <i>Codium tomentosum</i> alga on SH-SY5Y model of neurotoxicity induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6 – OHDA)
Abstract
Parkinson Disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic cell bodies in the substantia nigra and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of different algae extracts on the cell death induced by by 6-OH-dopamine on a neuronal human cell model (SH- SY5Y). The neuroprotective effect of methanolic and dichloromethane algae extract (Padina pavonica, Sargassum muticum, Saccorhiza polyschides, Codium tomentosum, Ulva compressa) in the presence of 6-OH-DA was assessed using the MTT method. The activity of caspase-3 and the quantification of hydrogen peroxide (extracellular environment and real time production) production were studied in the presence and in the absence of the macroalgae extracts. The highest neuroprotective effect was exhibited by methanolic fractions (1000 µg/ml; 24 hours) of S. muticum (115.80 ± 8.53% of viable cells), S. polyschides (106.51 ± 4.26 of viable cells), P. pavonica (95.98 ± 3.95 of viable cells) and dichloromethane (1000 µg/ml; 24 hours) fraction of C. tomentosum alga (102.22 ± 4.24 of viable cells), when compared with 6-OH-DA condition (100μM; 24 hours) (67.40 ± 3.56 of viable cells). For the extracts that exhibited the highest neuroprotective effect was studied the possible alterations induced in the mechanisms of action previous selected. The dichloromethane fraction of Codium tomentosum alga (1000 µg/ml) highly reduced the 6-OH-DA induced increase of caspase-3 activity, the less quantity of H2O2 in the extracellular environment and less production of H2O2 on real time (2.58 ± 1.77 UAF mg of protein-1 min-1; 0.0 ± 0.005 µM of H2O2, 54.07 ± 6.66 UAF min-1, respectively) when compared with the 6-OH-DA condition at 100μM (4.5 ± 1:35 UAF mg of protein-1 min-1; ± 0.4 0.0019 µM of H2O2; 214.26 ± 8:46 UAF min-1, respectively). These results suggest that Codium tomentosum extracts has capacity to increase the SH-SY5Y viability in the presence of 6-OH-DA by the inhibition of caspase-3 activity and H2O2 production. In conclusion, Codium tomentosum could be a promising source of novel molecules with antioxidant activity.
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