An Optimal Phase Arrangement of Distribution Transformers under Risk Assessment

Abstract

This paper presents a phase arrangement procedure for distribution transformers to improve system unbalance and voltage profile of distribution systems, while considering the location and uncertainties of the wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaics (PV). Based on historical data, the Monte Carlo method is used to calculate the power generation value-at-risk (VAR) of WTs/PVs installed under a given level of confidence. The main target of this paper is to reduce the line loss and unbalance factor during 24-hour intervals. Assessing the various confidence levels of risk, a feasible particle swarm optimization (FPSO) is proposed to solve the optimal location of WTs/PVs installed and transformer load arrangement. A three-phase power flow with equivalent current injection (ECI) is analyzed to demonstrate the operating efficiency of the FPSO in a Taipower feeder. Simulation results will support the planner in the proper location of WTs/PVs installed to reduce system losses and maintain the voltage profile. They can also provide more risk information for handing uncertainties when the renewable energy is connected to the distribution system.

Keywords

• distribution transformer
• value-at-risk
• particle swarm optimization
• Monte Carlo method