Evaluation of Sleep Disorders in Parkinson’s Diseases and Correlation of the Risk Factors with Anxiety

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence of sleep disorders in a patient with Parkinson's disease (PD) and to identify the risk factors that might develop anxiety among the patients with Parkinson’s disease. Study Design: A cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted from 16th June to 16th November 2020 at cardiology department of Ch.Pervaiz Elahi Institute of cardiology, Multan. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 participants were part of the study, out of which 100 were diagnosed with Parkinson's disease while the other half were healthy subjects. Prior diagnosis of Parkinson's disease was reconfirmed through standard criteria of movement disorders and disease staging was done through Hoehn Yahr staging. All the participants were inquired of understudy variables through one-to-one interviews and a structured questionnaire was administered. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale was utilized to evaluate the existence of anxious tendencies. SPSS 20.0 was used for statistical analyses. T-test was used for comparison of sleeping disorders between control subjects and patients. Risk factors for anxiety were measured as odd ratios. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: Among patients with PD sleep initiation problems (37%), nocturia (66%), and body movement problems (50%) were found to be significant. Moreover, a majority of patients, 75%, were on sleeping pills. The data was suggestive of significant occurrence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS), restless leg syndrome (RLS), and Rapid eye Movement (REM) REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder (RSBD). Further, anxiety was significantly correlated with disease duration, severity, and age of the patient. Conclusion: Parkinson's disease not only presents with motor symptoms but has severe non-motor manifestations. Similar to the external world, sleeping disorders are also prevalent among PD patients of Pakistan. Moreover, several factors play role in the development of anxiety in these patients which require critical management. How to cite this: Aslam A, Amjad N, Buzdar MW, Mazhar N, Haq I, Ahmed M. Evaluation of Sleep Disorders in Parkinson’s Diseases and Correlation of Its Risk Factors with Anxiety. Life and Science. 2022; 3(2): 83-87. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.219 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Keywords

• anxiety, non-motor symptoms, parkinson's disease, prevalence, sleeping issues