Novel 3S-shaped biophotonic sensor utilizing MoS2–NSs/ZnO–NWs/AuCu–NCs for rapid detection of Shigella flexneri bacteria
Lucan Xiao,
Ragini Singh,
Jan Nedoma,
Qinglin Wang,
Feng-Zhen Liu,
Daniele Tosi,
Carlos Marques,
Bingyuan Zhang,
Santosh Kumar
Affiliations
Lucan Xiao
Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
Ragini Singh
Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh 522302, India
Jan Nedoma
Department of Telecommunications, VSB – Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava 70800, Czech Republic
Qinglin Wang
Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
Feng-Zhen Liu
Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Medical College, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
Daniele Tosi
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nazarbayev University, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
Carlos Marques
Department of Physics, VSB – Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava 70800, Czech Republic
Bingyuan Zhang
Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
Santosh Kumar
Centre of Excellence for Nanotechnology, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh 522302, India
This paper describes a unique, extremely sensitive biophotonic sensor with a three-tier S-tapered (3S) structure. It is designed for the real-time detection of Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri), a common foodborne pathogen that causes severe gastrointestinal diseases. The sensor development includes three distinct diameters of S-tapered structures. The performance of tapered sections was improved by using molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (MoS2-NSs), zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO-NWs), and photoluminescent bimetallic gold–copper nanoclusters (AuCu–NCs). These nanoparticles greatly improve the sensor’s performance. The sensor is further functionalized using anti-S. flexneri antibodies, allowing for the precise detection and capture of the target bacterium. The results show that the sensor can detect S. flexneri rapidly and accurately, with a linear detection range of 1–108 colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml) and a low detection limit of 4.412 CFU/ml. In addition, the sensor’s ability to identify S. flexneri biofilms is demonstrated. Biofilm detection allows us to better understand and control biofilm concerns in the environment, equipment, and biomedical devices. Aptamer examines confirm the sensor’s ability to detect S. flexneri from the lateral direction. This study makes a significant contribution to the field of biosensing because no biophotonic sensor has previously been developed specifically for the detection of S. flexneri, fulfilling a critical gap in the arena of food safety and pathogen detection. The 3S sensor’s performance, robustness, and potential for practical applications make it an important addition to the field of photonics.
