Molecules (Apr 2023)

Development of Type 1 Diabetes in Mice Is Associated with a Decrease in IL-2-Producing ILC3 and FoxP3<sup>+</sup> Treg in the Small Intestine

  • Tamara Saksida,
  • Verica Paunović,
  • Ivan Koprivica,
  • Dragica Mićanović,
  • Bojan Jevtić,
  • Natalija Jonić,
  • Ivana Stojanović,
  • Nada Pejnović

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083366
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 28, no. 8
p. 3366

Abstract

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Recent data indicate the link between the number and function of T regulatory cells (Treg) in the gut immune tissue and initiation and development of autoimmunity associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Since type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) in the small intestine are essential for maintaining FoxP3+ Treg and there are no data about the possible role of ILC3 in T1D pathogenesis, the aim of this study was to explore ILC3-Treg link during the development of T1D. Mature diabetic NOD mice had lower frequencies of IL-2-producing ILC3 and Treg in small intestine lamina propria (SILP) compared to prediabetic NOD mice. Similarly, in multiple low doses of streptozotocin (MLDS)-induced T1D in C57BL/6 mice, hyperglycemic mice exhibited lower numbers of ILC3, IL-2+ ILC3 and Treg in SILP compared to healthy controls. To boost T1D severity, mice were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics (ABX) for 14 days prior to T1D induction by MLDS. The higher incidence of T1D in ABX-treated mice was associated with significantly lower frequencies of IL-2+ ILC3 and FoxP3+ Treg in SILP compared with mice without ABX treatment. The obtained findings show that the lower proportions of IL-2-expressing ILC3 and FoxP3+ Treg in SILP coincided with diabetes progression and severity.

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