Licuri Kernel (<i>Syagrus coronata (Martius) Beccari</i>): A Promising Matrix for the Development of Fermented Plant-Based Kefir Beverages

Abstract

New licuri-based kefir beverages were obtained using water kefir grains as fermentation inoculum (1, 2.5, and 5%) under different fermentation times (24 and 48 h). Metagenomic sequencing of the kefir grains adapted to the aqueous licuri extract revealed Lactobacillus hilgardii and Brettanomyces bruxellensis to be predominant in this inoculum. The excellent adaptation of the kefir grains to the licuri extract raised the possibility of prebiotic action of these almonds. The beverages showed acidity values between 0.33 ± 0.00 and 0.88 ± 0.00 mg lactic acid/100 mL and pH between 3.52 ± 0.01 and 4.29 ± 0.04. The viability of lactic acid bacteria in the fermented beverages was equal to or greater than 108 CFU/mL, while yeasts were between 104 and 105 CFU/mL. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the proximate composition of the formulations, especially in the protein (1.37 ± 0.33–2.16 ± 0.84) and carbohydrate (5.86 ± 0.19–11.51 ± 1.26) contents. In addition, all the samples showed good stability in terms of acidity, pH, and viability for LAB and yeasts during 28 days of storage (4 °C). Overall, the beverages showed a dominant yellow-green color, non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior, and high mean scores in the sensory evaluation. This study provided evidence of the emerging potential of licuri in the plant-based beverage industry.

Keywords

• kefir
• <i>Lactobacillus</i>
• metagenomics
• fermentation
• non-dairy alternative