Altered brain iron depositions from aging to Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease: A quantitative susceptibility mapping study
Xiaojun Guan,
Tao Guo,
Cheng Zhou,
Jingjing Wu,
Qingze Zeng,
Kaicheng Li,
Xiao Luo,
Xueqin Bai,
Haoting Wu,
Ting Gao,
Luyan Gu,
Xiaocao Liu,
Zhengye Cao,
Jiaqi Wen,
Jingwen Chen,
Hongjiang Wei,
Yuyao Zhang,
Chunlei Liu,
Zhe Song,
Yaping Yan,
Jiali Pu,
Baorong Zhang,
Xiaojun Xu,
Minming Zhang
Affiliations
Xiaojun Guan
Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 31009, China
Tao Guo
Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 31009, China
Cheng Zhou
Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 31009, China
Jingjing Wu
Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 31009, China
Qingze Zeng
Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 31009, China
Kaicheng Li
Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 31009, China
Xiao Luo
Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 31009, China
Xueqin Bai
Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 31009, China
Haoting Wu
Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 31009, China
Ting Gao
Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
Luyan Gu
Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
Xiaocao Liu
Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 31009, China
Zhengye Cao
Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 31009, China
Jiaqi Wen
Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 31009, China
Jingwen Chen
Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 31009, China
Hongjiang Wei
School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Yuyao Zhang
School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
Chunlei Liu
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
Zhe Song
Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
Yaping Yan
Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
Jiali Pu
Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
Baorong Zhang
Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
Xiaojun Xu
Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 31009, China; Corresponding authors.
Minming Zhang
Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 31009, China; Corresponding authors.
Brain iron deposition is a promising marker for human brain health, providing insightful information for understanding aging as well as neurodegenerations, e.g., Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). To comprehensively evaluate brain iron deposition along with aging, PD-related neurodegeneration, from prodromal PD (pPD) to clinical PD (cPD), and AD-related neurodegeneration, from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD, a total of 726 participants from July 2013 to December 2020, including 100 young adults, 189 old adults, 184 pPD, 171 cPD, 31 MCI and 51 AD patients, were included. Quantitative susceptibility mapping data were acquired and used to quantify regional magnetic susceptibility, and the resulting spatial standard deviations were recorded. A general linear model was applied to perform the inter-group comparison. As a result, relative to young adults, old adults showed significantly higher iron deposition with higher spatial variation in all of the subcortical nuclei (p < 0.01). pPD showed a high spatial variation of iron distribution in the subcortical nuclei except for substantia nigra (SN); and iron deposition in SN and red nucleus (RN) were progressively increased from pPD to cPD (p < 0.01). AD showed significantly higher iron deposition in caudate and putamen with higher spatial variation compared with old adults, pPD and cPD (p < 0.01), and significant iron deposition in SN compared with old adults (p < 0.01). Also, linear regression models had significances in predicting motor score in pPD and cPD (Rmean = 0.443, Ppermutation = 0.001) and cognition score in MCI and AD (Rmean = 0.243, Ppermutation = 0.037). In conclusion, progressive iron deposition in the SN and RN may characterize PD-related neurodegeneration, namely aging to cPD through pPD. On the other hand, extreme iron deposition in the caudate and putamen may characterize AD-related neurodegeneration.
