Indocyanine green and near-infrared fluorescence-guided surgery for gastric cancer: a narrative review

Abstract

In recent years, indocyanine green (ICG) and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence-guided surgery has become a versatile and well-researched tool for gastric cancer treatment. Our narrative review aims to explore the applications, benefits, and challenges that are associated with this technique. Initially used to detect sentinel lymph nodes in early gastric cancer, its scope has broadened to include several clinical applications. Its most notable advantages are the ability to guide standard lymphadenectomy, intraoperatively localize tumors and define tumor margins. Despite these advantages, there are still ongoing discussions regarding its accuracy, lack of standardized administration, and oncologic safety in sentinel node navigation surgery. The limited tumor specificity of ICG has been especially put into question, hindering its ability to accurately differentiate between malignant and healthy tissue. With ongoing innovations and its integration into newer endoscopic and robotic systems, ICG-NIR fluorescence imaging shows promise in becoming a standard tool in the surgical treatment of gastric cancer.

Keywords

• indocyanine green
• near-infrared spcetroscopy
• stomach neoplasms
• fluorescence
• gastrectomy