Phytochemical and Functional Diversity of Enzyme-Assisted Extracts from <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> L., <i>Aralia cordata</i> Thunb., and <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.
Viktorija Januskevice,
Ana Maria Gomes,
Sérgio Sousa,
Joana Cristina Barbosa,
Rita Vedor,
Paulina Martusevice,
Mindaugas Liaudanskas,
Vaidotas Zvikas,
Pranas Viskelis,
Laima Cesoniene,
Aiste Balciunaitiene,
Jonas Viskelis,
Sonata Szonn,
Dalia Urbonaviciene
Affiliations
Viktorija Januskevice
Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 54333 Kaunas, Lithuania
Ana Maria Gomes
CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
Sérgio Sousa
CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
Joana Cristina Barbosa
CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
Rita Vedor
CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
Paulina Martusevice
Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 54333 Kaunas, Lithuania
Mindaugas Liaudanskas
Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50166 Kaunas, Lithuania
Vaidotas Zvikas
Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50166 Kaunas, Lithuania
Pranas Viskelis
Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 54333 Kaunas, Lithuania
Laima Cesoniene
Botanical Garden, Vytautas Magnus University, Z.E. Zilibero 6, 46324 Kaunas, Lithuania
Aiste Balciunaitiene
Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 54333 Kaunas, Lithuania
Jonas Viskelis
Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 54333 Kaunas, Lithuania
Sonata Szonn
Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50166 Kaunas, Lithuania
Dalia Urbonaviciene
Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 54333 Kaunas, Lithuania
Plant leaves are a source of essential phenolic compounds, which have numerous health benefits and can be used in multiple applications. While various techniques are available for recovering bioactive compounds from by-products, more data are needed on enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). The aim of this study was to compare EAE and solid–liquid extraction (SLE), to evaluate the impact on bioactive compounds’ extraction yield, phytochemical composition, and the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic properties of Aralia cordata leaves and roots, sea buckthorn Hippophae rhamnoides, and hemp Cannabis sativa leaves. The results indicate that EAE with Viscozyme L enzyme (EAE_Visc) extracts of the tested plant leaves possess the highest yield, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content. Moreover, the EAE_Visc extract increased by 40% the total sugar content compared to the control extract of A. cordata root. Interestingly, the sea buckthorn leaf extracts exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, which reached an almost 99% inhibition in all extracts. Furthermore, the sea buckthorn leaves SLE and EAE_Visc extracts possess antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy was used to examine changes in cell wall morphology after EAE. Overall, this study shows that EAE can be a promising method for increasing the yield and improving the functional properties of the resulting extracts in a fast and sustainable way compared to SLE.
