Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity (Feb 2022)
Relations of Well-Being, Coping Styles, Perception of Self-Influence on the Diabetes Course and Sociodemographic Characteristics with HbA1c and BMI Among People with Advanced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract
Agnieszka Łukasiewicz,1 Andrzej Kiejna,2,3 Ewelina Cichoń,2,3 Aleksandra Jodko-Modlińska,4 Marcin Obrębski,4 Andrzej Kokoszka4 1Faculty of Nursing in Warsaw, University of Humanities and Economics in Lodz, Warsaw, Poland; 2Department of Psychology, WSB University in Torun, Torun, Wroclaw, Poland; 3Department of Psychology, Faculty of Applied Studies, University of Lower Silesia, Wroclaw, Poland; 4II Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandCorrespondence: Andrzej Kokoszka Tel/Fax +48 22 326 58 92 Email [email protected]: Assessment of the relationship between psychological and sociodemographic factors with the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and Body Mass Index (BMI) among people with advanced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Patients and Methods: A total of 2574 persons, among them 1381 (53.7%) women, with type 2 diabetes, during the period of switching from biphasic mixtures of human insulin to insulin analogues. The age of participants ranged from 22 to 94 years (M = 63.5; SD = 9.58), and their treatment period was in the time frame from 2 years to 43 years (M = 10.2; SD = 6.1). Participants filled out a Scale for Perception of Self-Influence on the Diabetes Course, Well-Being Index WHO-5, two questions from the Brief Method of Evaluating Coping with a Disease.Results: Statistically significant correlations were found between the HbA1c levels and (1) disease duration (rs=0.067; p < 0.001); (2) number of complications (rs = 0.191, p < 0.001) (3) the perception of self-influence on the diabetes course (rs=- 0.16; p < 0.001); (4) well-being (risk of depression) (rs=- 0.10; p < 0.001). The regression analysis showed that 7% of HbA1c variability is explained by age, a perception of self-influence on the diabetes course, the number of complications, place of residence, education, BMI. The most important findings concerning BMI were found in regression analysis, which indicated a week relationship between BMI and a number of complications, perception of self-influence on the diabetes course and coping styles (3% of the resultes’ variability). The group at high risk of depression had the highest levels of HbA1c.Conclusion: Sociodemographic and psychological factors show weak but statistically significant relationships with the current levels of HbA1c and BMI.Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, glycemic control, psychosocial factors, HbA1C, BMI, depression
