Optimal high speed CMOS inverter design using craziness based Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Abstract

The inverter is the most fundamental logic gate that performs a Boolean operation on a single input variable. In this paper, an optimal design of CMOS inverter using an improved version of particle swarm optimization technique called Craziness based Particle Swarm Optimization (CRPSO) is proposed. CRPSO is very simple in concept, easy to implement and computationally efficient algorithm with two main advantages: it has fast, nearglobal convergence, and it uses nearly robust control parameters. The performance of PSO depends on its control parameters and may be influenced by premature convergence and stagnation problems. To overcome these problems the PSO algorithm has been modiffed to CRPSO in this paper and is used for CMOS inverter design. In birds’ flocking or ffsh schooling, a bird or a ffsh often changes direction suddenly. In the proposed technique, the sudden change of velocity is modelled by a direction reversal factor associated with the previous velocity and a "craziness" velocity factor associated with another direction reversal factor. The second condition is introduced depending on a predeffned craziness probability to maintain the diversity of particles. The performance of CRPSO is compared with real code.gnetic algorithm (RGA), and conventional PSO reported in the recent literature. CRPSO based design results are also compared with the PSPICE based results. The simulation results show that the CRPSO is superior to the other algorithms for the examples considered and can be efficiently used for the CMOS inverter design.

Keywords

• CMOS inverter
• switching characteristics
• rise time
• fall time
• propagation delay
• Evolutionary Optimization Technique
• Particle Swarm Optimization
• craziness based Particle Swarm Optimization