Baló Concentric Sclerosis Mimicking Encephalitis with Seizures and Progressive Aphasia in a 26-Year-Old Woman: A Challenging Diagnostic Dilemma

Abstract

Introduction: Baló’s concentric sclerosis (BCS) is a rare subtype of multiple sclerosis characterized by inflammatory demyelination within the central nervous system. Case Presentation: This case report presents a challenging diagnostic scenario involving a 26-year-old woman diagnosed with BCS. Despite treatment, her condition did not ameliorate, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings remained unchanged. A subsequent stereotactic biopsy revealed tumefactive Balo disease, highlighting the intricate diagnostic and therapeutic issues surrounding BCS. Conclusion: The juxtacortical location of the BCS lesion, as observed in our case, suggests an unfavourable prognosis due to treatment-resistant seizures.

Keywords

• baló concentric sclerosis
• seizures
• aphasia
• encephalitis
• diagnostic dilemma