Poultry Science (Dec 2024)
Selenium nanoparticles affect chicken offspring's intestinal health better than other selenium sources
Abstract
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to assess the effects of maternal diets containing various selenium (Se) sources on the intestinal mucosal function in the jejunum of chicken offspring. A total of 630, 18-wk-old Hy-Line Grey hens and 70 18-wk-old Hy-Line Grey breeders were randomly allocated into 7 groups, with 5 replicates in each group (18 hens and tow roosters). After 4 wk of Se depletion, the birds were fed either a nonsupplemented basal diet (control) or the same basal diet supplemented with 0.15 mg/kg selenium nanoparticles (Nano-Se), 0.30 mg/kg Nano-Se, 0.30 mg/kg selenocysteine (Sec), 0.30 mg/kg sodium selenite (SS), 0.30 mg/kg selenomethionine (SeMet), or 0.15 mg/kg Nano-Se + 0.15 mg/kg Sec, for 8 wk. Frtilized eggs were collected and incubated during the final week of the experiment. Jejunal tissues from embryonic d 18 and the hatch day were collected for analysis, and the 7-d survival rate of the offspring was recorded. Compared to the control, the maternal diet of 0.30 mg/kg Nano-Se, 0.30 mg/kg Sec, and 0.30 mg/kg SeMet significantly increased the survival of 7-day-old offspring (P < 0.05). The maternal diet supplemented with 0.30 mg/kg Nano-Se significantly increased intestinal villus height and the villus height/crypt depth ratio in chicks at embryonic d 18 and in 1-day-old (P < 0.05). The maternal diet containing 0.30 mg/kg Nano-Se and Sec increased the mRNA expression levels of tight junction proteins in 1-day-old offspring (P < 0.05). Supplemental 0.30 mg/kg Nano-Se significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of marker genes in intestinal enteroendocrine, stem, and Paneth cells (P < 0.05). In 1-day-old chicks, the number of intestinal goblet cells, as well as the mRNA expression levels of intestinal mucin2 (Muc2) and goblet cell differentiation factors (Spdef and C-myc), were the highest in diets supplemented with 0.30 mg/kg Nano-Se. Moreover, the expression levels of intestinal Muc2 and Spdef in chicks at embryonic d 18 was the highest with 0.30 mg/kg Nano-Se supplementation (P < 0.05). Supplementing with 0.30 mg/kg Nano-Se significantly reduced reactive oxygen species levels and decreased the mRNA expression levels of apoptosis-related genes in 1-day-old chicks (P < 0.05). Additionally, 0.30 mg/kg Nano-Se supplementation significantly down-regulated NLRP3 pathway gene expression in 1-day-old chicks (P < 0.05). In conclusion, maternal dietary supplementation with Nano-Se improved jejunal microarchitecture, antioxidant levels, and the expression of tight-junction protein in chicken offspring along with supporting goblet cell development by inhibiting the NLRP3 signaling pathway.
