Memory Generation and Re-Activation in Food Allergy

Abstract

Joshua FE Koenig,1 Kelly Bruton,1 Allyssa Phelps,1 Emily Grydziuszko,1 Rodrigo Jiménez-Saiz,1– 4 Manel Jordana1 1McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; 2Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain; 3Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; 4Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Madrid, SpainCorrespondence: Joshua FE KoenigMcMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, CanadaEmail [email protected]: Recent evidence has highlighted the critical role of memory cells in maintaining lifelong food allergies, thereby identifying these cells as therapeutic targets. IgG+ memory B cells replenish pools of IgE-secreting cells upon allergen exposure, which contract thereafter due to the short lifespan of tightly regulated IgE-expressing cells. Advances in the detection and highly dimensional analysis of allergen-specific B and T cells from allergic patients have provided insight on their phenotype and function. The newly identified Th2A and Tfh13 populations represent a leap in our understanding of allergen-specific T cell phenotypes, although how these populations contribute to IgE memory responses remains poorly understood. Within, we discuss the mechanisms by which memory B and T cells are activated, integrating knowledge from human systems and fundamental research. We then focus on memory reactivation, specifically, on the pathways of secondary IgE responses. Throughout, we identify areas of future research which will help identify immunotargets for a transformative therapy for food allergy.Keywords: food allergy, IgE, memory responses, anaphylaxis, B cells, T cells

Keywords

• food allergy
• ige
• memory responses
• anaphylaxis
• b cells
• t cells