Frontiers in Immunology (Aug 2022)
Cross-sectional analysis of the humoral response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Sardinian multiple sclerosis patients, a follow-up study
- Maria Laura Idda,
- Maristella Pitzalis,
- Valeria Lodde,
- Annalisa Loizedda,
- Jessica Frau,
- Monia Lobina,
- Magdalena Zoledziewska,
- Francesca Virdis,
- Giuseppe Delogu,
- Maria Giuseppina Marini,
- Maura Mingoia,
- Marco Masala,
- Lorena Lorefice,
- Marzia Fronza,
- Daniele Carmagnini,
- Elisa Carta,
- Silvy Pilotto,
- Silvy Pilotto,
- Paolo Castiglia,
- Paola Chessa,
- Paola Chessa,
- Sergio Uzzau,
- Sergio Uzzau,
- Gabriele Farina,
- Paolo Solla,
- Paolo Solla,
- Maristella Steri,
- Marcella Devoto,
- Marcella Devoto,
- Edoardo Fiorillo,
- Matteo Floris,
- Roberto Ignazio Zarbo,
- Roberto Ignazio Zarbo,
- Eleonora Cocco,
- Eleonora Cocco,
- Francesco Cucca
Affiliations
- Maria Laura Idda
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
- Maristella Pitzalis
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
- Valeria Lodde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Annalisa Loizedda
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
- Jessica Frau
- Regional Multiple Sclerosis Center, Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Monia Lobina
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
- Magdalena Zoledziewska
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
- Francesca Virdis
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
- Giuseppe Delogu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Maria Giuseppina Marini
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
- Maura Mingoia
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
- Marco Masala
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
- Lorena Lorefice
- Regional Multiple Sclerosis Center, Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Marzia Fronza
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Daniele Carmagnini
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Elisa Carta
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Silvy Pilotto
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Silvy Pilotto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Paolo Castiglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Paola Chessa
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Paola Chessa
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Sergio Uzzau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Sergio Uzzau
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Azienza Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Gabriele Farina
- Neurology Unit, Azienza Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Paolo Solla
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Paolo Solla
- Neurology Unit, Azienza Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Maristella Steri
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
- Marcella Devoto
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
- Marcella Devoto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale e di Precisione, Università la Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Edoardo Fiorillo
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
- Matteo Floris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Roberto Ignazio Zarbo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Roberto Ignazio Zarbo
- Neurology Unit, Azienza Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Eleonora Cocco
- Regional Multiple Sclerosis Center, Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Eleonora Cocco
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Francesco Cucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.946356
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 13
Abstract
Monitoring immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and its clinical efficacy over time in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients treated with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) help to establish the optimal strategies to ensure adequate COVID-19 protection without compromising disease control offered by DMTs. Following our previous observations on the humoral response one month after two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine (T1) in MS patients differently treated, here we present a cross-sectional and longitudinal follow-up analysis six months following vaccination (T2, n=662) and one month following the first booster (T3, n=185). Consistent with results at T1, humoral responses were decreased in MS patients treated with fingolimod and anti-CD20 therapies compared with untreated patients also at the time points considered here (T2 and T3). Interestingly, a strong upregulation one month after the booster was observed in patients under every DMTs analyzed, including those treated with fingolimod and anti-CD20 therapies. Although patients taking these latter therapies had a higher rate of COVID-19 infection five months after the first booster, only mild symptoms that did not require hospitalization were reported for all the DMTs analyzed here. Based on these findings we anticipate that additional vaccine booster shots will likely further improve immune responses and COVID-19 protection in MS patients treated with any DMT.
Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2
- multiple sclerosis
- humoral immunity
- disease-modifying therapy (DMT)
- vaccine efficacy and effectiveness
- BNT162b2 messenger RNA (mRNA)
