Renoprotective effects of Cermai Leaves (Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels) as a candidate for antidiabetic in silico

Abstract

Renal complications are a major concern in individuals with diabetes, necessitating the search for effective antidiabetic agents with renoprotective properties. Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels, commonly known as Cermai leaves, have been recognized for their medicinal properties, including potential antidiabetic effects. This in silico study aimed to investigate the renoprotective effects of Phyllanthus acidus as an antidiabetic agent by targeting the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (PDB code 1GZR) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (PDB code 6M0J) receptors. The prediction of phytochemical properties was made based on the five laws of Lipinski as seen from the values of absorption, distribution, and metabolism with Swiss ADME. The in-silico method was conducted with the assistance of computer devices, databases like Protein Data Bank (PDB) and PubChem, and software like PyRx and Discovery Studio. The results showed the compounds kaempferol and cafestol meet the five laws of Lipinski. The compound kaempferol has the lowest binding affinity, with a value of -5.8 kcal/mol on IGF-1 and -6.1 kcal/mol on ACE2 and cafestol, -5.6 kcal/mol on IGF-1 and -5.8 kcal/mol on ACE2. It’s compared to the native ligand value -3.9 kcal/mol on IGF-1 and -5.2 kcal/mol on ACE2. Based on the results, it is known that this compound has a high potential to be a drug candidate for renoprotective.