Frontiers in Immunology (Sep 2024)
Alterations in the plasma proteome persist ten months after recovery from mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection
- Julio A. Huapaya,
- Julio A. Huapaya,
- Salina Gairhe,
- Salina Gairhe,
- Shreya Kanth,
- Shreya Kanth,
- Xin Tian,
- Cumhur Y. Demirkale,
- Cumhur Y. Demirkale,
- David Regenold,
- Jian Sun,
- Nicolas F. Lynch,
- Renjie Luo,
- Renjie Luo,
- Alisa Forsberg,
- Robin Dewar,
- Tauseef Rehman,
- Willy Li,
- Janell Krack,
- Janaki Kuruppu,
- Etsubdink A. Aboye,
- Christopher Barnett,
- Christopher Barnett,
- Jeffrey R. Strich,
- Jeffrey R. Strich,
- Richard Davey,
- Richard Childs,
- Daniel Chertow,
- Daniel Chertow,
- Joseph A. Kovacs,
- Joseph A. Kovacs,
- Parizad Torabi-Parizi,
- Parizad Torabi-Parizi,
- Anthony F. Suffredini,
- Anthony F. Suffredini
Affiliations
- Julio A. Huapaya
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Julio A. Huapaya
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood, Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Salina Gairhe
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Salina Gairhe
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood, Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Shreya Kanth
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Shreya Kanth
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood, Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Xin Tian
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood, Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Cumhur Y. Demirkale
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Cumhur Y. Demirkale
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood, Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- David Regenold
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Jian Sun
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Nicolas F. Lynch
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Renjie Luo
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood, Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Renjie Luo
- Department of Statistics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
- Alisa Forsberg
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Robin Dewar
- Virus Isolation and Serology Laboratory, Applied and Developmental Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, United States
- Tauseef Rehman
- Virus Isolation and Serology Laboratory, Applied and Developmental Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, United States
- Willy Li
- Pharmacy Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Janell Krack
- Pharmacy Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Janaki Kuruppu
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Etsubdink A. Aboye
- Medstar Heart and Vascular Institute, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States
- Christopher Barnett
- Medstar Heart and Vascular Institute, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States
- Christopher Barnett
- 0Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Jeffrey R. Strich
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Jeffrey R. Strich
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood, Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Richard Davey
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Richard Childs
- 1Laboratory of Transplantation Immunotherapy, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Daniel Chertow
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Daniel Chertow
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood, Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Joseph A. Kovacs
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Joseph A. Kovacs
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood, Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Parizad Torabi-Parizi
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Parizad Torabi-Parizi
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood, Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Anthony F. Suffredini
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Anthony F. Suffredini
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood, Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1448780
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 15
Abstract
BackgroundLimited data are available describing the effects of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections on the plasma proteome.MethodsPCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 patients, enrolled in a natural history study, underwent analysis of the plasma proteome. A prospective cohort of 66 unvaccinated and 24 vaccinated persons with different degrees of infection severity were evaluated acutely (within 40 days of symptom onset), and at three and ten months. Comparisons based on vaccination status alone and unsupervised hierarchical clustering were performed. A second cohort of vaccinated Omicron patients were evaluated acutely and at ten months.ResultsAcutely, unvaccinated patients manifested overexpression of proteins involved in immune and inflammatory responses, while vaccinated patients exhibited adaptive immune responses without significant inflammation. At three and ten months, only unvaccinated patients had diminished but sustained inflammatory (C3b, CCL15, IL17RE) and immune responses (DEFA5,TREM1). Both groups had underexpression of pathways essential for cellular function, signaling, and angiogenesis (AKT1, MAPK14, HSPB1) across phases. Unsupervised clustering, based on protein expression, identified four groups of patients with variable vaccination rates demonstrating that additional clinical factors influence the plasma proteome. The proteome of vaccinated Omicron patients did not differ from vaccinated pre-Omicron patients.ConclusionsVaccination attenuates the inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection across phases. However, at ten months after symptom onset, changes in the plasma proteome persist in both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, which may be relevant to post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections associated with post-acute infection syndromes.
Keywords
