Alʹmanah Kliničeskoj Mediciny (Feb 2016)
COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE DISORDERS AT EARLY STAGES OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE
Abstract
Background: Non-motor signs, including affective and cognitive ones, are important initial manifestations of Parkinsons disease, along with motor dysfunction. Some of them manifest even before motor disorders and affect patients’ quality of life. Aim: To evaluate prevalence and severity of affective and cognitive disorders at early stages of Parkinson’s disease, as well as efficacy of their correction with a dopamine receptor agonist treatment.Materials and methods: We assessed 33 treatment-naive patients with Parkinsons disease Hoehn & Yahr stage I and II. Degree of motor dysfunction (UPDRS, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale), depressive (MADRS, Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale), anxiety (HARS, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale) and cognitive (Montreal Cognitive Assessment – MoCA, symbols and figures test, Schulte tables, Gorbovs black and red tables) was assessed at baseline and after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment with pramipexole.Results: Patients with early signs of Parkinson’s disease had subdepressive disorders, moderate anxiety disorders, mild cognitive disorders of a neurodynamic type and represented mainly be delayed recall of information and attention disorders. Treatment with pramipexole decreased the degree of depressive symptoms by 82% and of anxiety symptoms by 74%. There was an improvement in cognitive functions, indicated by an increase in a delayed recall (+34%), better efficacy (+31%), a decrease in switching time (-38%) and attention distribution (-33%); however, age-related normal values were not achieved.Conclusion: Already early stages of Parkinsons disease are characterized not only by motor abnormalities, but also by affective and neurodynamic cognitive dysfunction. Medical treatment with pramipexole was effective in correction of motor and neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with Parkinsons disease Hoehn & Yahr stage I–II.
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