Česká Stomatologie a Praktické Zubní Lékařství (Dec 2015)
Longitudinal Study Focused on Dental Implant Osseointegration and Quality of Life by Adolescent Patients
Abstract
Objectives: By adolescent patients we can often meet with traumatic tooth loss and anodontia. Dental care of adolescent patients without own teeth, is not easy. Nowadays we use for reconstruction of teeth especially dental implants. Anthropological age determination for implant insertion is important and prosthodontic methods can be often applied only after multidisciplinary therapy. The successful rehabilitation of the patient with dental implants depends on correct indication, optimal implant insertion, functional and psychosocial adaptation. Quality of life is significantly influenced by satisfaction or dissatisfaction with dental treatment.The aims of this study are twofold. Firstly, to evaluate the long term treatment of adolescent/young adult patients after multidisciplinary therapy, including implants insertion and CAD CAM prosthetic reconstruction. Secondly, to assess changes in quality of life before and after insertion of the dental implant. Material and methods: A prospective study of 73 implants (Osseo Speed™ ASTRA TECH Implant System™, Ltd, UK) was prepared. The patients at implants surgery ranged from 16 to 23 years of age (13 men and 20 women; average age 20.4 years). The patients were followed up for a 6-year period. The aesthetic appearance was checked mainly from the point of view of vertical position of the framework, loss of bone marginal support, patient satisfaction, and quality of life after patient rehabilitation. Also, the effect of microthread on the maintenance of marginal bone level was evaluated. All patients involved in the study completed an anonymous questionnaire investigating the quality of life, which was focused on their oral health and was created on the basis of a questionnaire Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index. Individual scores of all questions of the questionnaire recorded before and after implantation were compared for each question. The significance of these differences was assessed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results and conclusions: Successful long-term results depend mainly on stable osseointegration, the same or increasing bone height in the cervical cap. The implants with a diameter of 3-4.5 mm, which are surrounded 2-3 mm bone showed statistically significant bone level increase. The emphasis in young patients should be placed on completion of the development of the facial skeleton and the superstructure on individual designs using CAD CAM techniques. Our study showed that function, speech, esthetics, self-image was directly connected with multidisciplinary therapy including implant insertion. Quality of life is markedly affected by the amount of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with their dental therapy. Taste sensation of course had no influence on implants presence. Implants presence of course had no influence on taste sensation.
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