Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia (Aug 2009)
Perfil do doador de sangue autoexcluído no Hemocentro Regional de Uberaba-MG (HRU) no período de 1996 a 2006 Self-exclusion profiles of blood donors of the Regional Blood Bank in Uberaba, Brazil (HRU) in the period of 1996 to 2006
Abstract
Candidatos a doação são submetidos a triagem clínica e sorológica para minimizar o risco de transmissão de doenças via transfusão. Uma de suas limitações é a janela imunológica, que possibilita a transfusão de sangue contaminado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o índice de autoexclusão de acordo com idade, gênero, estado civil, cor e tipo de doação, as variações anuais de autoexcluídos e sua eficácia em evitar a transfusão de sangue contaminado. Os dados foram analisados através do teste qui-quadrado, odds ratio e regressão linear. De 1996 a 2006, o Hemocentro Regional de Uberaba (HRU) coletou 176.097 bolsas de sangue, das quais 2,72% foram desprezadas por autoexclusão, com significativo predomínio de homens, maiores de 29 anos, solteiros, não brancos e primeira doação (pBlood donor candidates are submitted to clinical and serological screening to minimize the risk of disease transmission. One of the limitations of this screening is the immunological window, a period that may contribute to the transfusion of contaminated blood. The aim of this study was to evaluate self-exclusion rates related to age, gender, marital status, race, type of donation, annual variations in self-exclusion and the efficacy of self-exclusion to prevent the transfusion of contaminated blood. A retrospective study was conducted and the data were analyzed using the chi-square test, odds ratio and linear regression. Of the 176,097 blood bags collected at the Uberaba Regional Blood Center (HRU) between 1996 and 2006, 2.72% were discarded due to self-exclusion. There was a predominance of first-time, unmarried, non-white male donors over the age of 29 years old (p<0.0001). An inverse association was observed between long-term commitment and self-exclusion, suggesting that the higher the return rate, the lower the incidence of self-exclusion. Positive serology for HIV1 (0.35%) and HIV2 (0.23%) was significantly higher among self-exclusion donors (p<0.0001), a fact not observed for HCV (0.52%) (p=0.24). The percentages of these three diseases were 0.15%, 0.03% and 0.41%, respectively among donors not initiating self-exclusion. The higher frequency of self-exclusion among unmarried, non-white male donors over the age of 29 partly agrees with the donor profile of HRU. The decline observed from 1996 to 2001 might be explained by behavioral factors, such as the creation of anonymous testing centers and an increase in the long-term commitment of donors over the years. The higher frequency of positivity among self-exclusion donors and only three seroconversions in subsequent donations support the importance of this tool to reduce the risk of contamination due to the immunological window.
