Наукові праці Лісівничої академії наук України (Dec 2019)
Scientific and methodological approaches to the substantiation of the forest machines energy-saving and environmentally friendly parameters
Abstract
This paper is devoted to systematization of the methodological, scientific and applied approaches and principles of the characteristics and parameters substantiation models and methods creation for the designed machines. Such machines must satisfy the conditions of maximum energy savings and environmental compatibility. The excellence of the construction of a forest machine depends on the successful choice of its energy, weight, geometric and operational parameters, the impact of which is manifested directly in the machines operation in real production conditions. Therefore, when designing a forest machine, it is necessary to substantiate its parameters so that during the operation of this machine the specific energy consumption per unit of the performed work and the negative impact on the environment are minimal. The justification of the forest machines parameters is based on the development of new and improvement of known mathematical models of their movement, as well as methods of implementation of such models, in particular - with the use of energy and power approaches. However, the available scientific and methodological approaches to the design of forestry machines do not fully allow them to substantiate their parameters. This paper develops the scientific and methodological principles of the energy approach that can be used for new forest machines design. To this end, the methodology of variational inequalities was used as a mathematical apparatus for studying the mechanical behavior of non-idealized mechanical systems. The parameters of rutting formation due to the movement of the forest machine on the soil support surface have been evaluated, taking into account a wide range of rheological properties of the soil and its ability to different degradation processes. Method of energy, weight and geometric analogies usage allowed the graphical dependences for different types of forestry machines obtaining, by which it is possible to set rational values of their operational parameters. It has been found that when designing forestry machines, it is important to choose the right parameters value that would provide them with efficient modes of operation in terms of energy efficiency and environmental friendliness. The substantiation, characteristics calculation and analysis hydro mechanical transmission choice method in timber haulage is developed. The methodology of energy approach for engineering estimation of the intensity of the process of rutting formation due to repeated passage of the forestry machine with the soil surface has been developed. The results were 30% less deviated from the experiment than the results of other authors; they expediently should be used to determine the values of operational parameters. The method of energy, weight and geometric analogies according to the obtained correlation dependencies testifies minimal (12-18%) deviation from the experimental data. It is established that the power parameters of the hydro transformer are quite sensitive to the size of its active diameter, its increase by only 20% leads to a turbine wheel torque increase on the 2.5 times.
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