State of the Art of Chemosensors in a Biomedical Context
Erich Kny,
Ciril Reiner-Rozman,
Jakub Dostalek,
Achim-Walter Hassel,
Christa Nöhammer,
Florian Pfaffeneder-Mantai,
Sabine Szunerits,
Viktoria Weber,
Wolfgang Knoll,
Christoph Kleber
Affiliations
Erich Kny
Research Division for Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstrasse 124, 3500 Krems, Austria
Ciril Reiner-Rozman
Research Division for Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstrasse 124, 3500 Krems, Austria
Jakub Dostalek
Biosensor Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
Achim-Walter Hassel
Institute of Chemical Technology of Inorganic Materials, Johannes-Kepler-University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
Christa Nöhammer
Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
Florian Pfaffeneder-Mantai
Research Division for Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstrasse 124, 3500 Krems, Austria
Sabine Szunerits
Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
Viktoria Weber
Department for Biomedical Research, University of Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
Wolfgang Knoll
Biosensor Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
Christoph Kleber
Research Division for Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstrasse 124, 3500 Krems, Austria
Healthcare is undergoing large transformations, and it is imperative to leverage new technologies to support the advent of personalized medicine and disease prevention. It is now well accepted that the levels of certain biological molecules found in blood and other bodily fluids, as well as in exhaled breath, are an indication of the onset of many human diseases and reflect the health status of the person. Blood, urine, sweat, or saliva biomarkers can therefore serve in early diagnosis of diseases such as cancer, but also in monitoring disease progression, detecting metabolic disfunctions, and predicting response to a given therapy. For most point-of-care sensors, the requirement that patients themselves can use and apply them is crucial not only regarding the diagnostic part, but also at the sample collection level. This has stimulated the development of such diagnostic approaches for the non-invasive analysis of disease-relevant analytes. Considering these timely efforts, this review article focuses on novel, sensitive, and selective sensing systems for the detection of different endogenous target biomarkers in bodily fluids as well as in exhaled breath, which are associated with human diseases.
