کاوشهای جغرافیایی مناطق بیابانی (Oct 2021)
The location of Zibashahr small city in comparison with mobarakeh city in rural and Urban linkage (Case study: Rural settlements the South Gorken county of Mobarakeh township)
Abstract
Links are identifying according to individuals ongoing current, invest, goods, information and technology between urban-rural areas. Villages and cities have links and communication with different ways. Urban-rural links to individuals, groups and rural families to be included the part of actual place, space and biological and operational. Urban and rural settlements should have two ways and complement relationships in economics, social, physical and services areas in order to find functional integrity and sustainable development. In this two ways link, small cities have an important role in decentralization, population housing, provision of welfare services and market of agricultural products, prevalence of non-agricultural jobs and reduce of urban problems as an interface between rural areas and urban higher levels.The point that this research is distinguishing of other investigations is that research happened in one semi-desert area and its economic was based on agriculture and industry and its life is depending to Zayanderood river that it is passing from north of this area and there is only one small city (Zibashahr) and medium city (Mobarakeh) are be locating in this studies area that relationships between settlements are considering by their effects and distance parameter and their role of these two cites.In this research, town position (Zibashar) was considering in discussion of urban-rural links. Zibashar town is connecting southern Garkan villages to Mobarakeh city that they are 16 rural residences and it is locating as connection ring in the communication route of these villages. Villages of this area to be considered in link with Mobarakeh or Zibashahr town and they were 5927 families and 18436 person according to population census in year of 1395.Urban rural linkages are emphasized by development experts in developing and articulating development policies aimed at reducing poverty and supporting the positive role of small towns in the development of surrounding rural areas. The general purpose of this study is to investigate the rural-urban linkages in South Garkan Section in Mobarakeh County and the role of creating the zibashahr city in comparison with other cities (County center).We were trying to realize the object of this research by utilizing of descriptive-analytical ways or two libraries ways (considering of documents and collecting statistics and information) and field (observe, interview and complete the questionnaire).Statistical universe research was consisting of all rural residences in southern Garken ( Mobarakeh city) that number of samples were chosen according to Kokran formula by random sampling way. At least 10 and at most 40 questionnaires were distributed proportional number of rural families and questionnaire questions were consisting of 55 criterions. The validity of the research instrument was based on , by use of survey similar ovservation and the reliability of the tool was estimated to be 77% using Cronbach's alpha. For data analysis, SPSS software for analysis Descriptive and inferential studies have been used. In this research regarding to Zibashahr town position for establishing links with villages of southern Garkan, we were achieving to these results that villages near to Zibashahr town prefer to visit this town in receiving educational services, therapeutic, bank and preparation of agricultural tools, building materials, agricultural inputs that were considering economics and services formats and here of the role of this city was relatively highlighting but this link was unidirectional and it was not developing those villages in fields of educational, health, economics and social. Villages that have more distance with this town preferring to visit Mobarakeh city for creating economics and services links and receiving all services because Mobarakeh city has higher services. So, in this regard Mobarakeh city has special position. The type of road and time distance had effective role for establishing physical links in southern Garkan villages or Zibashahr and Mobarakeh cities. By using Pearson correlation test, it was realized that when villages are getting away of Zibashar town, their relation become weak or by approaching to this town their relation become strong, such a way that references were daily by approaching to this town and vice versa. Communication of distant villages is in the form of twice or three times a week to Mobarakeh city. Link of studied villages or Zibashahr town and Mobarakeh has some effects in format of information exchange and innovation and these effects were evaluated by using single sample T test or by considering 8 criterions and its positive effect and meaningful was found. Overall, results of this research have aligned with studies and Mikaniki and Sarzehi(1394) findings ,Sejasi Gheydari and et al(1396), Hossein Abadi and et al(1391),Akbarian Ronizi and et al(1392) regarding to distance agent and communication of far and near villages to nearby cities and also its effect on daily, weekly and monthly resort and with studies of Saidi and et al ,Taleshi and Heydari(1396), Mikaniki and Sarzehi(1394) regarding to being one sided of links between rural settlement with nearby cities and no formation of local net and insufficient complement two way currents between city and village.
