Exploring peripheral fluid biomarkers for early detection of Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome: A literature review
Charlotte Jacob,
Marleen Tollenaere,
Hanane Kachar,
Marie-Claude Potier,
Peter Paul De Deyn,
Debby Van Dam
Affiliations
Charlotte Jacob
Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, Experimental Neurobiology Unit, University of Antwerp, Belgium
Marleen Tollenaere
Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, Experimental Neurobiology Unit, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
Hanane Kachar
Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, Experimental Neurobiology Unit, University of Antwerp, Belgium
Marie-Claude Potier
Institut du Cerveau, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
Peter Paul De Deyn
Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, Experimental Neurobiology Unit, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Debby Van Dam
Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, Experimental Neurobiology Unit, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Corresponding author. Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, Experimental Neurobiology Unit, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
People with Down Syndrome (DS) are at high risk of developing Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy, which is a critical factor contributing to dementia in sporadic AD. Predicting and monitoring the decline and onset of dementia is a diagnostic challenge and of essence in daily care and support for people with DS. In this literature scoping review, we first summarize the different blood-based biomarkers for AD in DS. Next, we describe urine-based biomarkers for AD in DS and finally, we explore various blood-based biomarkers in the general AD population. Apart from the classic amyloid beta and Tau biomarkers, we also discuss more out-of-the-box biomarkers such as neurofilament light chain, Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1A, and monoaminergic biomarkers. These potential biomarkers could be a valuable addition to the established panel of fluid biomarkers.
