CYTO-STRUCTURE OF THYROID GLAND INFLUENCED BY “CASPIAN” WATER RESOURCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN

Abstract

Background. The incidence of thyroid disorders is increasing every year in Russia. One of the priority reasons for the growth of thyroid diseases is undoubtedly iodine deficiency, as well as the consequences of human activity-environmental pollution, increased radiation background. The use of iodine-bromine baths is of particular interest due to the fact that thyroid hormones belong to the group of iodinecontaining ones. This question, despite its importance and theoretical validity, has not yet been fully studied. Materials and methods. 30 white outbred male rats aged 3–4 months were used. The experiment was conducted in the bathrooms of the sanatorium “Caspian”. A morphometric analysis of the structural components of the thyroid gland was carried out. Under the magnification of the × 400 microscope (eyepiece 10, objective 40), the area (%) of tissue components of the organ was calculated per unit area of the histological section at 1760 mcm/2. The heterogeneity of the thyroid follicles was determined, i.e. calculated in the variation series of follicular diameters, the percentage of small ones – up to 12 mcm, medium – up to 26 mcm and large – up to 38 mcm, the height of the follicular epithelium, the average area of thyrocyte nuclei. To determine the level of thyroid hormones in the blood, radioimmunological studies using test kits were used MILLIPLEX MAP Rat Thyroid. Using the Avtandilov grid, the fraction of points coinciding with the nucleus and the cytoplasm was calculated at 100 test points, and then the nuclear cytoplasmic index was calculated. The confidence level is 0.95 %, P ≤ 0.05. Results. In the thyroid gland, the number of follicles, compared with the control, increases by 3 times (in the field of view in the lobule of the gland, 30-35 follicles are visible.). The average colloid area in the follicles (13.06 %) also changes significantly compared to the control. No less important is the growth of the volume of desquamated epithelium. The area related to the follicular epithelium in the gland is 31.71 %, which is significantly more than the area occupied in the control by 5.1 %. The area that falls on the vascular bed in the organ increases in relation to the control and is 7.73 %. According to morphometric indicators, in the studied conditions, the height of thyrocytes is 9.60 microns. and the diameter of the nuclei of the thyrocytes, which is made up 3.60 mcm. A characteristic feature of the action of bromine water on the animal organism is the emergence of lymphoid clusters. The main share of lymphoid formations is made up of small and medium-sized lymphocytesup to 58.38 %. The content of thyroxine in the blood serum increased by 72 %; T3-by 23 %; and TTG-by 44 % (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion. The increase in the thyroid hormone activity after the action of mineral water gives reason to believe that in the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with hypothyroidism, balneological procedures should be included in the complex of measures. On the other hand, their use is contraindicated in diseases of the thyroid gland with increased production of hormones.

Keywords

• follicle
• thyroid-stimulating hormones
• colloid
• thyrocytes