Comparative Study of PM10 Concentrations and Their Elemental Composition Using Two Different Techniques during Winter–Spring Field Observation in Polish Village
Tomasz Mach,
Tomasz Olszowski,
Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska,
Justyna Rybak,
Karolina Bralewska,
Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec,
Marta Bożym,
Grzegorz Majewski,
Zbigniew Ziembik,
Anna Kuczuk
Affiliations
Tomasz Mach
Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
Tomasz Olszowski
Department of Thermal Engineering and Industrial Facilities, Opole University of Technology, 45-271 Opole, Poland
Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska
Safety Engineering Institute, The Main School of Fire Service, Slowackiego Street 52/54, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland
Justyna Rybak
Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
Karolina Bralewska
Safety Engineering Institute, The Main School of Fire Service, Slowackiego Street 52/54, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland
Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec
Institute of Environmental Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
Marta Bożym
Department of Environmental Engineering, Opole University of Technology, 45-271 Opole, Poland
Grzegorz Majewski
Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
Zbigniew Ziembik
Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Opole, 6a Kominka Str., 45-032 Opole, Poland
Anna Kuczuk
Department of Thermal Engineering and Industrial Facilities, Opole University of Technology, 45-271 Opole, Poland
The aims of this study were to determine the concentrations and elemental composition of PM10 in the village of Kotórz Mały (Poland), to analyse their seasonal variability, to determine the sources of pollutant emissions and to compare the consistency of the results obtained using different methods. Sampling and weather condition measurements were carried out in the winter (January–February) and spring (April) of 2019. Two combinations of different techniques were used to examine PM10 concentrations and their chemical composition: gravimetric method + atomic absorption spectrometry (GM+AAS) and continuous particle monitor + energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (CPM+EDXRF). In winter, the average concentrations of PM10 measured by the GM and CPM were similar (GM 44.3 µg/m3; CPM 34.0 µg/m3), while in spring they were clearly different (GM 49.5 µg/m3; CPM 29.8 µg/m3). Both AAS and EDXRF proved that in both seasons, Ca, K and Fe had the highest shares in the PM10 mass. In the case of the lowest shares, the indications of the two methods were slightly different. Factor analysis indicated that air quality in the receptor was determined by soil erosion, coal and burning biomass, and the combustion of fuels in car engines; in the spring, air quality was also affected by gardening activities.
