Sputum smear grading and treatment outcome among directly observed treatment-short course patients of tuberculosis unit, Jagdalpur, Bastar

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem. In 2014, worldwide, 1.5 million deaths were reported from TB. The study was planned to assess sputum smear grading and treatment outcome among TB patients attending tuberculosis unit (TU), Jagdalpur of Bastar district in Chhattisgarh. Materials and Methods: It was a record-based analysis for the year 2014 data from TU, Jagdalpur, Bastar of Chhattisgarh. Statistical Analysis Used: Data entry and analysis were done using STATA/SE 14.1 software. Results: Out of total registered 496 TB patients in 2014, 207 were sputum smear positive with 83 (40.1%) having 3 + and 14 (6.8%) having scanty sputum grading. The percentage of successfully treated was lowest, 71.4% in scanty followed by 1+ (80.2%), compared to 84.1% in sputum smear negative (P = 0.02335). Overall rate of unfavorable outcome was 16.9%. Factors associated with unfavorable outcome were age more than 40 years (P = 0.01894), male gender (P = 0.06722), and retreatment cases (P = 0.0001136). Death rate was higher (6.6%) among patients of Category II. Higher default rate in new smear positive (8.3%), new smear negative (7.8%), and retreatment (16.7%) was noted. Conclusions: Overall rate of unfavorable outcome was higher in patients with scanty and 1+sputum grading. Age more than 40 years, male sex, and retreatment category were factors associated with unfavorable outcome.

Keywords

• Bastar
• sputum smear grading
• treatment outcome
• tuberculosis unit