The evolution of articulators: Part II

Abstract

Articulators are instruments that aimed to reproduce the range of jaw movements. The first instrument designs were attempts to duplicate anatomic relations or reproduce functional movements of the anatomy. They were able to preserve centric position only. More sophisticated articulating instruments evolved as more was learned about the anatomy, mandibular movements, and mechanical principles. Over time, interest for articulators progressed. Articulators became adjustable, and they attempted to reproduce jaw movements of each patient by reproducing the anatomy of temporomandibular joints (TMJ's) and related structures. Part I of the article has discussed evolution of articulators beginning from the 18th century till 1940. A history of articulators from 1940 till today is discussed in the present article.

Keywords

• articulators
• instruments
• cast
• temporomandibular joints
• hinge