Combined Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles for Effective Periodontal Biofilm Eradication in Rat Model

Abstract

Fei Tong,1– 4 Pei Wang,1,3,4 Ziqiang Chen,1,3,4 Yifan Liu,1,3,4 Lianguo Wang,1,3,4 Jun Guo,1,3,4 Zhihua Li,1,3,4 Hu Cai,2,4 Junchao Wei1– 4 1School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330031, People’s Republic of China; 3The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, People’s Republic of China; 4Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Hu Cai, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, 999# Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, People’s Republic of China, Tel [phone], Email [email protected] Junchao Wei, School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, 49# Fuzhou Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China, Tel [phone], Email [email protected]: The critical challenge for periodontitis therapy is thoroughly eliminating the dental plaque biofilm, particularly penetrating the deep periodontal tissue. Regular therapeutic strategies are insufficient to penetrate the plaque without disturbing the commensal microflora of the oral cavity. Here, we constructed a Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle loading minocycline (FPM NPs) to penetrate the biofilm physically and effectively eliminate periodontal biofilm.Methods: In order to penetrate and remove the biofilm effectively, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were modified with minocycline using a co-precipitation method. The particle size and dispersion of the nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The antibacterial effects were examined to verify the magnetic targeting of FPM NPs. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was employed to check the effect of FPM + MF and develop the best FPM NPs treatment strategy. Additionally, the therapeutic effect of FPM NPs was investigated in periodontitis rat models. The expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in periodontal tissues was measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot.Results: The multifunctional nanoparticles exhibited intense anti-biofilm activity and good biocompatibility. The magnetic forces could pull FMP NPs against the biofilm mass and kill bacteria deep in the biofilms both in vivo and in vitro. The integrity of the bacterial biofilm is disrupted under the motivation of the magnetic field, allowing for improved drug penetration and antibacterial performance. The periodontal inflammation recovered well after FPM NPs treatment in rat models. Furthermore, FPM NPs could be monitored in real-time and have magnetic targeting potentials.Conclusion: FPM NPs exhibit good chemical stability and biocompatibility. The novel nanoparticle presents a new approach for treating periodontitis and provides experimental support for using magnetic-targeted nanoparticles in clinic applications.Keywords: ferromagnetic nanoparticle, periodontitis, biofilm, magnetic targeting

Keywords

• ferromagnetic nanoparticle
• periodontitis
• biofilm
• magnetic targeting