The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2025)
The Hubble Space Telescope Survey of M31 Satellite Galaxies. IV. Survey Overview and Lifetime Star Formation Histories
- Alessandro Savino,
- Daniel R. Weisz,
- Andrew E. Dolphin,
- Meredith J. Durbin,
- Nitya Kallivayalil,
- Andrew Wetzel,
- Jay Anderson,
- Gurtina Besla,
- Michael Boylan-Kolchin,
- Thomas M. Brown,
- James S. Bullock,
- Andrew A. Cole,
- Michelle L. M. Collins,
- M. C. Cooper,
- Alis J. Deason,
- Aaron L. Dotter,
- Mark Fardal,
- Annette M. N. Ferguson,
- Tobias K. Fritz,
- Marla C. Geha,
- Karoline M. Gilbert,
- Puragra Guhathakurta,
- Rodrigo Ibata,
- Michael J. Irwin,
- Myoungwon Jeon,
- Evan N. Kirby,
- Geraint F. Lewis,
- Dougal Mackey,
- Steven R. Majewski,
- Nicolas Martin,
- Alan McConnachie,
- Ekta Patel,
- R. Michael Rich,
- Evan D. Skillman,
- Joshua D. Simon,
- Sangmo Tony Sohn,
- Erik J. Tollerud,
- Roeland P. van der Marel
Affiliations
- Alessandro Savino
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]
- Daniel R. Weisz
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]
- Andrew E. Dolphin
- Raytheon , 1151 E. Hermans Road, Tucson, AZ 85756, USA; Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Meredith J. Durbin
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ; [email protected]
- Nitya Kallivayalil
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia , 530 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Andrew Wetzel
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Jay Anderson
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Gurtina Besla
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Michael Boylan-Kolchin
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway, Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Thomas M. Brown
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- James S. Bullock
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Andrew A. Cole
- ORCiD
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania , Private Bag 37, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- Michelle L. M. Collins
- ORCiD
- Physics Department, University of Surrey , Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
- M. C. Cooper
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Alis J. Deason
- ORCiD
- Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University , Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Aaron L. Dotter
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College , 6127 Wilder Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Mark Fardal
- ORCiD
- Eureka Scientific , 2452 Delmer Street, Suite 100, Oakland, CA 96402, USA
- Annette M. N. Ferguson
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK
- Tobias K. Fritz
- ORCiD
- School of Data Science, University of Virginia , 1919 Ivy Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Marla C. Geha
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Karoline M. Gilbert
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; The William H. Miller III Department of Physics & Astronomy, Bloomberg Center for Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Puragra Guhathakurta
- ORCiD
- UCO/Lick Observatory, Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California Santa Cruz , 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Rodrigo Ibata
- ORCiD
- Observatoire de Strasbourg , 11, rue de l’Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Michael J. Irwin
- ORCiD
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
- Myoungwon Jeon
- ORCiD
- School of Space Research, Kyung Hee University , 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
- Evan N. Kirby
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Geraint F. Lewis
- ORCiD
- Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, A28, The University of Sydney , NSW 2006, Australia
- Dougal Mackey
- ORCiD
- Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University , Canberra 2611, ACT, Australia
- Steven R. Majewski
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia , 530 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Nicolas Martin
- ORCiD
- Université de Strasbourg , CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Alan McConnachie
- ORCiD
- NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics , 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada
- Ekta Patel
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah , 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- R. Michael Rich
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA , 430 Portola Plaza, Box 951547, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USA
- Evan D. Skillman
- ORCiD
- University of Minnesota , Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, 116 Church Street, S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Joshua D. Simon
- ORCiD
- Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science , 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
- Sangmo Tony Sohn
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Dept. of Astronomy & Space Science, Kyung Hee University , Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
- Erik J. Tollerud
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Roeland P. van der Marel
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Center for Astrophysical Sciences, The William H. Miller III Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada24f
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 979,
no. 2
p. 205
Abstract
From >1000 orbits of HST imaging, we present deep homogeneous resolved star color–magnitude diagrams that reach the oldest main-sequence turnoff and uniformly measured star formation histories (SFHs) of 36 dwarf galaxies (−6 ≥ M _V ≥ −17) associated with the M31 halo, and for 10 additional fields in M31, M33, and the Giant Stellar Stream. From our SFHs, we find: (i) The median stellar age and quenching epoch of M31 satellites correlate with galaxy luminosity and galactocentric distance. Satellite luminosity and present-day distance from M31 predict the satellite quenching epoch to within 1.8 Gyr at all epochs. This tight relationship highlights the fundamental connection between satellite halo mass, environmental history, and star formation duration. (ii) There is no difference between the median SFH of galaxies on and off the great plane of Andromeda satellites. (iii) ~50% of our M31 satellites show prominent ancient star formation (>12 Gyr ago) followed by delayed quenching (8–10 Gyr ago), which is not commonly observed among the MW satellites. (iv) A comparison with TNG50 and FIRE-2 simulated satellite dwarfs around M31-like hosts shows that some of these trends (dependence of SFH on satellite luminosity) are reproduced in the simulations while others (dependence of SFH on galactocentric distance, presence of the delayed-quenching population) are weaker or absent. We provide all photometric catalogs and SFHs as High-Level Science Products on MAST.
Keywords
