Central composite design for optimization of preparation conditions and characterization of hydroxyapatite produced from catfish bones

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) was prepared from catfish bones at optimized conditions by employing Central Composite Design (CCD) under Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The temperature of preparation ranges between 300 and 1000 °C and time was varied between 1 and 2 h. The software gave thirteen (13) runs experiment within the conditions. 10 g of treated catfish bones inside crucible was calcined in the furnace at the temperatures and times suggested by the software. The yield percentages were determined and a standard method of pore size estimation Methylene Blue Number Method was used to estimate the adsorption capacity of the calcined catfish bones (CFHAP). Hence, the optimized conditions for adsorption were deduced. Characterization of the catfish bones before and after calcinations was studied by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM); Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR;) Energy Dispersive X –ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Brunaver-Emmett-Teller (BET). The results confirmed that the product is hydroxyapatite. Keywords: Catfish bone, Hydroxyapatite, Optimization, Response surface methodology, Characterization