Effect of aspirin on cholesterol crystallization: A potential mechanism for plaque stabilization

Abstract

Background and aims: Cholesterol crystals (CCs) have been found to be critical in the evolution and progression of atherosclerotic plaque leading up to rupture. This includes triggering inflammation and mechanically traumatizing the plaque and surrounding tissues. Thus, inhibition of crystal formation and degrading the crystals could be an important therapeutic approach in the prevention of cardiovascular events. Because of its physico-chemical properties we examined the effect of aspirin (ASA) on cholesterol crystallization. Methods: A first experiment tested three amounts of cholesterol (1, 2, 3 g) with a wide range of ASA (0–60 mg) on cholesterol crystallization and volume expansion. A second experiment tested the effect of CCs with and without ASA in perforation of fibrous membrane during crystallization. A third experiment evaluated the effect of ASA on melting CCs in human atherosclerotic plaques. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate crystal morphology. Results: Aspirin significantly inhibited cholesterol crystallization and volume expansion in a dose related fashion and even at physiologic levels (0.3 mg/ml). Moreover, ASA prevented perforation of fibrous membranes. By SEM, crystals in human atherosclerotic plaques were found melted with ASA. Conclusions: Cholesterol volume expansion during crystallization was significantly inhibited and CCs were dissolved in the presence of ASA. Fibrous membranes were not perforated with ASA because of both these effects.

Keywords

• Aspirin
• Cholesterol crystals
• Plaque stabilization