Unraveling the structural complexity of and the effect of calcination temperature on calcium phosphates derived from Oreochromis niloticus bones
Tanachat Eknapakul,
Arreerat Jiamprasertboon,
Penphitcha Amonpattaratkit,
Adulphan Pimsawat,
Sujittra Daengsakul,
Nantawat Tanapongpisit,
Wittawat Saenrang,
Atipong Bootchanont,
Pattarapong Wannapraphai,
Thanawat Phetrattanarangsi,
Thanachai Boonchuduang,
Atchara Khamkongkaeo,
Rattikorn Yimnirun
Affiliations
Tanachat Eknapakul
Functional Materials and Nanotechnology Center of Excellence, School of Science, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
Arreerat Jiamprasertboon
Functional Materials and Nanotechnology Center of Excellence, School of Science, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
Penphitcha Amonpattaratkit
Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand; Biodyne Co., Ltd, Seoul, 04793, Republic of Korea
Adulphan Pimsawat
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
Sujittra Daengsakul
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
Nantawat Tanapongpisit
School of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
Wittawat Saenrang
School of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
Atipong Bootchanont
Smart Materials Research Unit, Division of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathumthani, 12110, Thailand; Division of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi, Pathumthani, 12110, Thailand
Pattarapong Wannapraphai
Biomechanics Research Center, Meticuly Co. Ltd., Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
Thanawat Phetrattanarangsi
Biomechanics Research Center, Meticuly Co. Ltd., Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
Thanachai Boonchuduang
Biomechanics Research Center, Meticuly Co. Ltd., Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
Atchara Khamkongkaeo
Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Biomaterial Engineering in Medical and Health, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Corresponding author Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
Rattikorn Yimnirun
School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology VISTEC, Wangchan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
In this study, the interplay between the structural complexity, microstructure, and mechanical properties of calcium phosphates (CaPs) derived from fish bones, prepared at various calcination temperatures, and their corresponding sintered ceramics was explored. Fourier-transform infrared analysis revealed that the calcined powders primarily consisted of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and carbonated calcium hydroxyapatite, with an increasing concentration of Mg-substituted β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) as the calcination temperature was increased. X-ray diffraction patterns showed enhanced sharpness of the peaks at higher temperatures, indicating a larger crystallite size and improved crystallinity. The ceramics exhibited a significantly larger crystallite size and an increased concentration of the β-TCP phase. Rietveld analysis revealed a larger volume of the β-TCP phase in the ceramics than in their calcined powders; this could be attributed to a newly formed β-TCP phase due to the decomposition of HAp. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis revealed the incorporation of Mg in the Ca2 site of HAp, Ca2 site of β-TCP, and Ca5 site of β-TCP, with a higher substitution of Mg in the Ca5 site of β-TCP at elevated temperatures. The mechanical properties of HAp ceramics can be improved by increasing the calcination temperature because of their improved relative density and dense porous structure at elevated temperatures. This comprehensive investigation sheds light on the phase evolution, microstructural changes, and consequential impact on the mechanical properties of CaPs derived from fish bones, thereby facilitating the development of tailored CaP ceramics for biomedical applications.
