“The influence of female body mass index, menstrual cycle phase and age on propofol injection pain”

Abstract

ABSTRACTBackground: Eliminating propofol injection pain (PIP) should be multimodal, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Understanding risk factors – body mass index, menstrual cycle phase and age for example – leading to increased pain sensitivity will identify patients at most risk for PIP, permitting effective treatment strategies to be initiated at an early stage.Objective: Our goal is to determine occurrence and severity of propofol injection pain among female patients, whether they are obese or non-obese, during different menstrual cycle phases.Methods: Design: A prospective observational study.Setting: Single university teaching hospital’s operating rooms.Patients: 84 female undergoing surgeries under general anesthesia, classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I–II, between 18 and 65 years of age were enrolled.Interventions: We evaluated propofol injection pain using visual analogue scale (VAS) during induction of general anesthesia.Main outcome measure: The relation between propofol induced peripheral venous pain and female body mass index, menstrual cycle phase and age.Results: 71.4% of patients experienced PIP. Of those patients who experienced PIP; 40.5% (34/84 patients) had moderate to severe pain. Age <35 years was the only independent predictor of moderate/severe PIP (sensitivity 62%, specificity 78%). After adjustment for age category, there was no statistically significant association between occurrence of moderate/severe PIP and obesity or menstruation.Conclusion: Propofol injection pain prophylactic measures should be considered in young females <35 years as they may be more prone to moderate/severe PIP.Trial Registration: NCT04078087

Keywords

• Body mass index
• menopause
• menstrual cycle
• obese
• propofol injection pain
• visual analogue scale