Journal of Central European Agriculture (Dec 2022)
Fatty acid composition of sunflower hybrids influenced by year and biostimulators
Abstract
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is grown in Slovak growing conditions for edible oil of high quality, its composition of unsaturated fatty acids affects the human health positively. Influence of year, hybrids (Marbelia CS and Reasun DS-5) and biostimulating preparations (Florone and Fertisiline) on yield, oil content, and amount of selected fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids) was find out in this study. Also evaluate the relationship within the achieved yield and oil content with the obtained amount of selected fatty acids. Field small-plot experiments were established by randomized split plot method during the growing years of 2018 and 2019. The experimental field is situated in a warm maize production area, while the course of weather conditions during individual growing seasons was different. On an average for experimental period of 2018-2019, more favorable course of temperatures and precipitation was recorded in 2018. Significantly higher achene yield (3.29±0.35 t/ha) and a higher amount of selected fatty acids (oleic acid 62.11±4.33%; linoleic acid 45.32±4.62%; palmitic acid 5.26±0.33%; stearic acid 4.21±0.20%) were found in Reasun DS-5 hybrid. Both biostimulating preparations had a significant effect on the yield and oleic acid content, when both biostimulators were applied in BBCH 15 and BBCH 55. The amount of linoleic acid decreased by both biostimulating applications in BBCH 15 (Florone 33.88±10.57%; Fertilisine 34.11±13.37%) and BBCH 15, 55 ((Florone 34.08±12.34%; Fertisiline 34.26±13.40%) compared by control treatments (38.43±6.01%). The contents of linoleic acid on treated variants by both preparations in BBCH 55 (Florone 38.26±9.47%; Fertisiline 39.03±8.95%) were statistically non-significant with comparison to untreated control. The height of yield was negatively correlated (r= -0.310; P<0.01) with the oil content in the average of 2018 and 2019. A significant positive correlation was found in the relationships between the yield and palmitic acid (r=0.35; P<0.01), linoleic acid and palmitic acid, and stearic acid (r=0.51; P<0.01) (r=0.86; P<0.01), palmitic acid and stearic acid (r=0.45; P<0.01).
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