Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy beyond Nominal Settings: An IEGM-Based Approach for Paced and Sensed Atrioventricular Delay Offset Optimization in Daily Clinical Practice

Abstract

Optimization of the atrioventricular (AV) delay has been performed in several landmark trials in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), although it is often not performed in daily practice. Our aim was to study optimal AV delays and investigate a simple intracardiac electrogram (IEGM)-based optimization approach. 328 CRT patients with paired IEGM and echocardiography optimization data were included in our single-center observational study. Sensed (sAV) and paced (pAV) AV delays were optimized using an iterative echocardiography method. The offset between sAV and pAV delays was calculated using the IEGM method. The mean age of the patients was 69 ± 12 years; 64% were men, 48% had ischemic etiology of heart failure. During echocardiographic optimization, an offset of 73 ± 18 ms was found, differing from nominal AV settings (p 2 = 0.62, p p = 0.006. In conclusion, optimal AV delays are patient-specific and differ from nominal settings. pAV delay can easily be calculated from IEGM after sAV delay optimization.

Keywords

• optimization
• heart failure
• AV delay
• intracardiac electrogram
• echocardiography