Prospects of the sugarcane industry in Fiji for carbon sequestration and environmental sustainability amidst changing climate: a critical overview

Abstract

Abstract Fiji, a South Pacific island nation relies on its longstanding sugarcane industry for economic growth. However, this industry is threatened by climate change (CC), endangering lives and the economy. Sugarcane production has been declining due to changing climate conditions for over a decade. Despite its small carbon (C) footprint, Fiji is actively engaged in global efforts, including leading COP23, to prevent severe CC scenarios. As part of this, Fiji aims to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE’s) by 2050 through the Paris Agreement. Scientists worldwide are exploring ways to reduce C emissions and boost soil C absorption. Sugarcane, Fiji's oldest and largest cultivated industry has an opportunity to mitigate CC and improve soil sustainability. This can be achieved with proper land use and management. Advanced techniques like plantstone C, residue retention, conservative soil tillage, crop rotation, sugarcane bagasse biochar, and nutrient management practices can increase C in Fiji's soils. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge and advancements that can be attained in the sugarcane industry. It covers various aspects, including the impact of CC in Fiji, the history of the sugar industry, changing industry status, market conditions, challenges, enhancement strategies, and the prospective potential for C sequestration and sustainability in the sugarcane sector. A key research priority is to establish optimal management practices that can increase C storage potential, building on a deeper understanding for greater sustainability in sugarcane production.

Keywords

• Sugarcane Industry
• Pacific Islands
• C Sequestration
• Sustainability
• Climate Change