Cell Death and Disease (Mar 2021)

Inhibition of HECT E3 ligases as potential therapy for COVID-19

  • Giuseppe Novelli,
  • Jing Liu,
  • Michela Biancolella,
  • Tonino Alonzi,
  • Antonio Novelli,
  • J. J. Patten,
  • Dario Cocciadiferro,
  • Emanuele Agolini,
  • Vito Luigi Colona,
  • Barbara Rizzacasa,
  • Rosalinda Giannini,
  • Benedetta Bigio,
  • Delia Goletti,
  • Maria Rosaria Capobianchi,
  • Sandro Grelli,
  • Justin Mann,
  • Trevor D. McKee,
  • Ke Cheng,
  • Fatima Amanat,
  • Florian Krammer,
  • Andrea Guarracino,
  • Gerardo Pepe,
  • Carlo Tomino,
  • Yacine Tandjaoui-Lambiotte,
  • Yurdagul Uzunhan,
  • Sarah Tubiana,
  • Jade Ghosn,
  • COVID Human Genetic Effort,
  • French COVID Cohort Study Group,
  • CoV-Contact Cohort,
  • Luigi D. Notarangelo,
  • Helen C. Su,
  • Laurent Abel,
  • Aurélie Cobat,
  • Gai Elhanan,
  • Joseph J. Grzymski,
  • Andrea Latini,
  • Sachdev S. Sidhu,
  • Suresh Jain,
  • Robert A. Davey,
  • Jean-Laurent Casanova,
  • Wenyi Wei,
  • Pier Paolo Pandolfi

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-021-03513-1
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 12, no. 4
pp. 1 – 18

Abstract

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Abstract SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the ongoing world-wide pandemic which has already taken more than two million lives. Effective treatments are urgently needed. The enzymatic activity of the HECT-E3 ligase family members has been implicated in the cell egression phase of deadly RNA viruses such as Ebola through direct interaction of its VP40 Protein. Here we report that HECT-E3 ligase family members such as NEDD4 and WWP1 interact with and ubiquitylate the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. Furthermore, we find that HECT family members are overexpressed in primary samples derived from COVID-19 infected patients and COVID-19 mouse models. Importantly, rare germline activating variants in the NEDD4 and WWP1 genes are associated with severe COVID-19 cases. Critically, I3C, a natural NEDD4 and WWP1 inhibitor from Brassicaceae, displays potent antiviral effects and inhibits viral egression. In conclusion, we identify the HECT family members of E3 ligases as likely novel biomarkers for COVID-19, as well as new potential targets of therapeutic strategy easily testable in clinical trials in view of the established well-tolerated nature of the Brassicaceae natural compounds.